| 张建新.21世纪的国际能源安全问题[J].国际安全研究,2013,(6):124-149 |
| 21世纪的国际能源安全问题 |
| International Energy Security in the 21th Century |
| 投稿时间：2013-07-05 修订日期：2013-09-10 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 能源安全观 国际能源安全问题 气候变化 资源民族主义 单干主义 |
| 英文关键词: concept of energy security, problems of international energy security, climate change, resource nationalism, unilateralism |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 2035 |
| 全文下载次数: 1117 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 世界经济全球化和全球性问题的兴起，导致能源安全观的重塑，追求供需安全的传统能源安全观正被一种新的综合能源安全观取代。综合能源安全观不仅涵盖了供应安全和需求安全，而且广泛地涉及环境、气候和人的安全。在全球化背景下，世界各国普遍面临一些重大的能源安全问题，包括能源储量集中于战略空白区、能源需求的集中、能源资源密集型国家去稳定化、不可抗力、能源运输阻塞点、不确定的投资环境、资源民族主义和气候变化。除了这些具有普遍性的能源安全议题外，中国能源安全还有其特殊性，化石能源峰值，即煤炭、石油和天然气消耗过快，不仅制约了化石能源体系的可持续发展，而且进口依赖度将不可逆转；从全球化时代的综合能源安全观来看，中国严重依赖煤炭，形成了一种不安全的能源消费结构；在当前能源消费结构下，中国在全球气候变化谈判中将面临更大的减排压力。因此，能源安全的根本之路在于加强新能源、可再生能源及其相关技术的投资与研发，不断扩大新能源和可再生能源在能源消费结构中的比例。归根结底，在国际气候变化谈判的框架下，重构能源消费体系对于解决上述所有安全问题都具有决定性意义。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Economic globalization and global issues are reshaping the concept of energy security. A new concept of comprehensive energy security takes place of the traditional concept which only pursues supply security. Comprehensive energy security not only covers security of supply and need, but also includes security of environment, climate and the human beings. In the context of globalization, sovereign states have faced pervasively challenges for energy security, such as resources concentration on “strategic ellipsis”, concentration of energy needs, destabilization of energy-intensive countries, force majeure, chokepoints of energy transportation, uncertain environment of investment, resource nationalism, climate change,etc. Nevertheless, China’s energy security has also met with some specific problems. The summit of fossil energy in particular, that is, the exhaustiveness of coal, oil and natural gas, constrains sustainable development of China’s fossil energy system, and leads to irreversible dependence on imports. In addition, China’s overdependence on coal energy has led to an insecure structure of energy consumption, which will bring more pressure on China in international climate change negotiations. Consequently, the fundamental solution for energy security is to promote R&D in renewable energy and increase percentage of renewable energy consumption. In the long run, restructuring energy consumption system is decisive to resolve all above security problems under the framework of international climate change negotiations |
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