| 严庆.民族分裂主义及其治理模式研究[J].国际安全研究,2015,(4):91-109 |
| 民族分裂主义及其治理模式研究 |
| Ethnic Separatism and the Mode of Governance |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 民族分裂 族群民族主义 主权 民族治理 |
| 英文关键词: ethnic separatism, ethnic nationalism, sovereign, ethnic governance |
| 基金项目:本文系2014年国家社科基金重大项目“民族事务治理体系与治理能力现代化建设”(项目号:14ZDA060)的阶段性成果以及2013年度教育部“新世纪优秀人才支持计划”项目“民族政治研究与多民族国家建设”的研究成果。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 具有高度政治分离目标和主权诉求的民族分裂主义是导致国内、国际政治失序和政局动荡的重要因素。由于民族分裂主义不时出现在国际政治的发展进程中，不时搅动或重组原有的政治格局，因而抑制和应对民族分裂主义是必要的多民族国家治理功能。实现有效的民族分裂主义治理应当从分析民族分裂主义的特点和诱发机制起步。发生普遍、目标明确、诱因复杂、认同坚韧是民族分裂主义的特点。利用和强化族性认同、渲染政治主张、通过动员形成集体行动、获取外部支持等环节构成了民族分裂主义行动的诱发机制。因循民族分裂主义生成与发展的机理，从无条件捍卫主权的理路采取的严厉打击模式，从不同程度赋权的理路采取政治容留模式，从消减族性动员的理路采取认同调控模式，从抑制精英力量的理路采取柔性控制模式，从转化政治生态的理路采取外部干预模式，可成为多民族国家治理中的参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Ethnic separatism, with a clear aim for political separation and sovereignty claim, is a key contributory factor in domestic and international political disorder and unrest. Emerging in the development of international politics, ethnic separatism disturbs and restructures the original political pattern, and thereby to contain and fight it is a necessary governance function for a multi ethnic country. A close examination of the characteristics and triggering mechanism of ethnic separatism is therefore the first step to be taken before the implementation of effective governance. Characterized by frequency of occurrence, specificity of its goals, complexity in causes, and solidity of identity, ethnic separatism is triggered by the following four elements: utilization and emphasis on ethnic identity, spread of political propositions, mobilization for group actions, and search for external support. In view of these elements, this paper suggests the following modes of its governance: the political accommodation mode to offer differing degrees of empowerment, identity control mode to weaken ethnic mobilization, crackdown mode to unconditionally defend sovereignty, flexible control mode to win over the elites involved, internal external combination mode to transform the political environment. |
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