| 颜琳,何琴.圣灵抵抗军的叛乱策略与北乌干达冲突的复发[J].国际安全研究,2019,37(1):134-155 |
| 圣灵抵抗军的叛乱策略与北乌干达冲突的复发 |
| Rebellion Tactics of the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) in the Northern Uganda Conflicts |
| 修订日期：2018-05-30 |
| DOI：10.14093/j.cnki.cn10-1132/d.2019.01.006 |
| 中文关键词: 冲突解决 叛乱策略 北乌干达冲突 圣灵抵抗军 乌干达政府反叛乱战略 |
| 英文关键词: conflict resolution, rebellious tactics, the northern Uganda conflicts, the Lord’s Resistance Army, the Ugandan government’s counterinsurgency strategy |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 北乌干达冲突本质上是一场不同种族之间争夺权力与利益的冲突。1986年，圣灵抵抗军在北乌干达以武力反抗穆塞韦尼政权的名义进行叛乱，迄今仍在南苏丹、刚果民主共和国和中非共和国的边境四处流窜。圣灵抵抗军的叛乱及其暴行不仅对北乌干达地区的和平与发展构成严重威胁和挑战，也深刻地影响着中部非洲地区的和平与稳定以及乌干达同周边国家间关系的发展。乌干达政府的反叛乱战略重点强调军事手段，重视媒体宣传、争取外部对其打击圣灵抵抗军的同情和支持。而圣灵抵抗军叛乱的动机已经从推翻穆塞韦尼政权逐渐演变成为开发“战争经济”和“为生存而战”。简而言之，圣灵抵抗军的叛乱策略是对叛乱成本-收益精心计算的产物。圣灵抵抗军的儿童兵策略、袭击平民策略、争取苏丹政府支持策略以及低程度地参与和平进程策略，既能够有效地打破乌干达政府的反叛乱战略，也导致北乌干达冲突的长期化及其冲突影响的“外溢”。要真正地解决北乌干达冲突以及圣灵抵抗军问题，需要重视武装冲突解决的和平进程、促进北乌干达地区的经济建设与发展以及加强对中部非洲地区的和平建设。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The conflicts in northern Uganda are, in essence, a scramble for power and interests among different ethnic groups. The Lord’s Resistance Army in northern Uganda has begun actively rebelling against the government since 1986, and continued to circulate across the borders of the Republic of South Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic. The Resistance Army’s rebellious activities and its atrocities have not only posed serious threats to the peace and development in the northern Uganda region, but also profoundly affected the peace and stability in the central African region and the relations between Uganda and its neighboring countries. The Ugandan government has, in its counterinsurgency strategy, put much emphasis on military strikes，media publicity and winning external sympathy and support for its fighting against the Lord’s Resistance Army. However, motives of the Lord’s Resistance Army have gradually changed from overthrowing Museveni regime to exploiting “war economy” and “fighting for survival”. In sum, the rebellious tactics of the Lord’s Resistance Army have been products of careful cost-benefit calculations. Its rebellious tactics include recruiting child soldiers, launching attacks on civilians, striving for support from the Sudanese government as well as minimum participation in the peace process, which have not only effectively interfered with the Ugandan government’s counterinsurgency strategy, prolonged conflicts in the northern Uganda region, but also successfully led to “spillover” effects. In order to resolve the problem of the northern Uganda conflicts brought about by the Lord’s Resistance Army, great importance should be attached to peaceful settlement of conflicts, economic development efforts in the northern Uganda region and peace-building endeavors in the central African region. |
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