| 刘伟.先秦时期国家安全思想述论[J].国际安全研究,2019,(5):3-28 |
| 先秦时期国家安全思想述论 |
| A Brief Review of National Security Thoughts in the Pre-Qin Period |
| 投稿时间：2019-05-21 修订日期：2019-06-22 |
| DOI：10.14093/j.cnki.cn10-1132/d.2019.05.001 |
| 中文关键词: 先秦国家安全思想 政治安全 经济安全 军事安全 社会安全 |
| 英文关键词: thoughts on national security in the pre-Qin period, political security, economic security, military security, social security |
| 基金项目:本文是国家社科基金项目“《国语》研究史”（项目编号：15BZS065）的阶段性成果。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 尽管先秦时期没有出现“国家安全”这样的术语，但是随着中国早期国家结构与天下秩序的逐步形成和完善，先秦时期的国家安全思想也已经初具雏形。政治安全思想可以概括为居安思危，有备无患；敬天保民，明德慎罚；正名奉法，殊途同归；以内驭外，召远修近。经济安全思想可以概括为富民利民，恒产安国；重农抑商，务本利国；开源节流，裕民足国。军事安全思想可以概括为重视国防，强化军备；用兵有道，谋略制胜；文武结合，法纪强军。社会安全思想可以概括为民为邦本，本固邦宁；敦行教化，家国和谐；储粮备荒，稳定社会。先秦时期的国家安全思想既具有鲜明的时代特色，也具有鲜明的中国特色，其基本特点大致可概括为天人合一，敬天重民；内外兼备，家国并重；以德为尊，以和为贵；战争如疾，谋略至上。先秦时期的国家安全思想奠定了中国此后两千多年来国家安全思想的基调，其中有不少内容具有超越时空的价值，对进一步丰富和完善新时代总体国家安全观的内涵，构建具有中国特色的国家安全理论体系，具有重要的现实意义。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Although there was no such a term as “national security” in the pre-Qin period, with the gradual formation and perfection of China’s early state structure and the “Land under Heaven” (Tianxia) social order, national security thoughts began to take shape in the pre-Qin period. The thoughts on political security can be summarized as being prepared for danger in times of peace, showing respect for Heaven and protecting the people with advocacy of bright virtue and practice of cautious punishment, upholding the law and “rectifying the names” to make words correspond to reality, managing external affairs properly with domestic stability and security as a prerequisite. The thoughts on economic security can be summarized as enriching and benefiting the people, stabilizing the country by granting the people a certain livelihood, focusing more on agriculture than on commerce to better serve the interests of the country, increasing revenues and reducing expenses to make people live in a country of prosperity and affluence. The thoughts on military security can be summarized as attaching paramount importance to national defense and strengthening armaments, employing military forces wisely and winning victories through smart strategies, putting equal weight on the power of pen and sword and strengthening the army by observing law and discipline. The thoughts on social security can be summarized as regarding the people as the foundation of the nation, promoting enlightenment to achieve a harmonious unity of family and nation, storing up food for the famine years to ensure social stability. The thoughts on national security in the pre-Qin period have not only reflected the true conditions of that period but also demonstrated distinctive Chinese features, which incorporate such ideas as achieving unity of man and heaven, showing respect for both heaven and the people, laying equal stress on home and nation, attaching great value to virtue and harmony, regarding war as evil and advocating wise strategies as an invincible weapon. Given that the thoughts on national security in the pre-Qin period have set the tone for China’s overall outlook on national security in the past two thousand years, its immeasurable value has survived time and space and thus conveys practical significance in further enriching and improving the connotations of China’s overall concept of national security in the new era and will help construct a theoretical system of national security with Chinese characteristics. |
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