| 贾诗慧.组织间不信任与替代性武装力量：拉美国家废除军队的政治逻辑[J].国际安全研究,2023,(1):129-155 |
| 组织间不信任与替代性武装力量：拉美国家废除军队的政治逻辑 |
| Inter-organizational Distrust and Alternative Armed Forces: The Political Logic Behind the Abolition of Armies in Certain Latin American Countries |
| 投稿时间：2022-04-20 修订日期：2022-08-02 |
| DOI：10.14093/j.cnki.cn10-1132/d.2023.01.006 |
| 中文关键词: 拉美政治 政权更迭 废除军队 组织间不信任 替代性武装力量 |
| 英文关键词: Latin America, regime change, abolition of armies, inter-organizational distrust, alternative armed forces |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 军队是国家权力的关键指标，也是绝大多数主权国家不可或缺的有机构成，在国内政治与国际关系领域都发挥着重要作用。然而，世界上仍存在少数主动废除军队的国家。引人关注的是，这类案例大多集中在拉美地区。对于这些拉美国家为何废除军队，既有研究主要从小国视角和军政关系视角出发，认为国家规模与国家安全之关联性和去军事化改革是基本逻辑依据。然而对拉美具体案例而言，这些理论范式的解释性仍存在一定欠缺。考察哥斯达黎加和海地案例可知，组织间不信任与替代性武装力量强弱是拉美特定国家废除军队的基本政治逻辑；获得可信的武装力量支持是新政权得以巩固的必要条件。当新政府与既有军队之间出现组织间不信任时，新政府便倾向于谋求用其他武装力量来替代既有军队。同时，替代性武装力量的强弱影响着政府的替代决策。若不存在可信的替代性武装力量，或只存在弱替代性武装力量，那么废除军队并建立或扶植一些原先较弱的武装组织便成为拉美国家政府强化武装力量控制的常见选择。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Being a key indicator of state power, armed forces are an indispensable component of most sovereign states and play an important role in both domestic politics and international relations. However, there still exist a few countries in the world that have voluntarily abolished their armies. It is noteworthy that these cases are mostly concentrated in Latin America. The existing literature mainly explores the underlying reason from the perspective of their status as a small country and civil-military relations. It is generally believed that the specific relationship between country size and national security, and the demilitarization reforms carried out by these countries have formed the basic logic behind this phenomenon. Nevertheless, these theoretical paradigms are insufficient to expound the individual cases in Latin America. By examining the cases of Costa Rica and Haiti, this paper argues that inter-organizational distrust and different sizes of alternative armed forces construct the basic political logic behind the abolition of armies in certain Latin American countries. Gaining credible support from armed forces is a prerequisite for the consolidation of a new regime. When there is inter-organizational distrust between the new government and the existing army, the former tends to seek to replace the latter with other armed forces. At the same time, the strength of alternative armed forces will greatly affect the government’s decision-making. When credible alternative armed forces are not available or alternative armed forces are weak, a viable choice for certain Latin American governments to strengthen their control over armed forces will be abolishing their armies, establishing new armed forces or fostering some previously weak armed groups. |
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