| 朱永彪,童雁.文化融入策略与恐怖组织的认同[J].国际安全研究,2019,37(1):115-133 |
| 文化融入策略与恐怖组织的认同 |
| Acculturation Strategies and Identification with Terrorist Organizations |
| 修订日期：2018-07-16 |
| DOI：10.14093/j.cnki.cn10-1132/d.2019.01.005 |
| 中文关键词: 恐怖组织 身份认同 文化融入策略 认同受挫 “伊斯兰国” |
| 英文关键词: terrorist organizations, identification, acculturation strategy, identity frustration, Islamic State |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 恐怖组织的认同构建过程可分为三个阶段：个体恐怖分子在群体中找到自我、组织内部同一性的构建以及组织一致对外的恐怖主义活动。在整个认同构建过程中，始终贯穿着恐怖组织内外群体文化融入策略选择的矛盾，具体表现为：第一阶段，潜在恐怖分子在主流文化中认同受挫，转而寻求加入恐怖组织。第二阶段，恐怖组织以自身所处的宗教文化为基础，构建其组织文化，并积极通过各种方式加深组织成员对这一文化的认同，但与此相对，恐怖组织外群体却很难认同其组织文化。第三阶段，恐怖组织内外群体文化融入策略选择的矛盾持续激化，最终导致恐怖组织采取一致对外的恐怖主义活动。通过“伊斯兰国”作为案例，对上述恐怖组织的认同过程进行分析后发现，“伊斯兰国”的“成功”是与其“成功”的文化融入策略密切相关，而其在阿富汗的受挫，在很大程度上也是由于文化融入策略“失当”所导致的，即“伊斯兰国”在阿富汗不但无力完成与塔利班的竞争，而且无法解决组织面临的跨文化冲突问题。因此，在打击“伊斯兰国”等暴恐极端势力时，关注文化融入策略的影响并有针对性地采取对策，具有重要意义和价值。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The identity construction process within a terrorist organization develops through three stages: self-identity establishment of individual terrorists, the construction of inner organization homogeneity and terrorist activities organized and carried out in unison. Contradictions over the choices of group acculturation strategy inside and outside the terrorist organization have been running through the whole process of identity construction. Specifically, on the first stage, when potential terrorists’ attempts to seek identification in the mainstream culture fail, they will fall back on joining a terrorist organization. On the second stage, terrorist organizations will build their own organizational culture on the basis of their religious culture and use every means imaginable to deepen their members’ identification with and recognition of the organizational culture. Conversely, people and groups outside the terrorist organizations can hardly identify with such organizational culture. On the third stage, the intensified contradictions over choosing acculturation strategy for groups within and without terrorist organizations will eventually prompt terrorist organizations to launch terrorist activities with concerted efforts from their members. As the most notorious and influential terrorist organization, Islamic State is taken as a typical case in this paper to elaborate on the aforementioned identification process within terrorist organizations. This paper has found that the success of Islamic State is closely related to the smooth implementation of its acculturation strategy. Its setbacks in Afghanistan have largely been caused by the “misapplication” of its acculturation strategy in that Islamic State could neither contend with Taliban nor settle the cross-cultural conflicts facing its own organization. Therefore, in the combat against such violent extremist forces as Islamic State, it is of vital importance and great value to pay heed to the influence of acculturation strategy and adopt targeted countermeasures. |
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