| 刘 丰.联合阵线与美国军事干涉[J].国际安全研究,2013,(6):24-37 |
| 联合阵线与美国军事干涉 |
| Coalitions and American Military Intervention |
| 投稿时间：2013-08-20 修订日期：2013-09-04 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 联合阵线 联盟 军事干涉 |
| 英文关键词: coalitions, alliances, military intervention |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 作为国际体系中的唯一超级大国，美国是冷战后海外用兵最为频繁、进行军事干涉行动次数最多的国家。研究者们通常认为，美国的军事干涉在决策和实施上具有很强的单边主义色彩，其突出特征是动辄使用或威胁使用武力，在决定使用武力时一意孤行，时常将自身意志凌驾于联合国和国际法之上。通过考察冷战后美国在伊拉克战争、阿富汗战争、利比亚战争等重大军事干涉行动中的选择可以发现，尽管美国在使用武力的决策上较少受到国际社会的有效约束，但它在军事干涉行动中既不是纯粹依靠自身力量单干，也不是依靠其缔造的多边或双边军事同盟，而是经常性地采取联合阵线的方式执行军事打击和战后维稳行动。联合阵线的目标确定性及手段灵活性为美国主导军事干涉行动提供了便利，而规避集体行动的困境、让伙伴承担军事行动的负担、为干涉行动寻找合法性以及减少美国的投入和损失等考量，也使得美国具有招募多国参与其军事行动的强烈动机。由于当前国际体系结构的制约，不少国家倾向于加入美国的军事干涉联合阵线，以便在美国主导的等级体系中获取安全保障和经济利益。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| As the only superpower in the international system, the United States has used its force and taken military intervention more often than other states. Researchers usually argue that the United States has strong unilateral incentives to make decisions and implement military intervention, which characterized by using or threatening to the use of force frequently and acting on its own, ignoring the United Nations and international laws. An investigation of the major U.S. military interventions in the post-Cold War era shows that, the United States has often relied on temporary coalitions rather than persistent alliances in military operations and stabilizing tasks, although its decisions of using force are less constrained by international community. The United States has motivations to recruit multinational military coalitions, such as avoiding the dilemma of collective action, reducing the burden of intervention and acclaiming legitimacy of intervention. Military coalitions have clear-defined missions and flexible means, which provide convenience for the United States to take a leading role in military interventions |
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