| 冯昭奎.战后科技革命及其对国际安全的影响[J].国际安全研究,2015,(4):3-31 |
| 战后科技革命及其对国际安全的影响 |
| The Post War Scientific and Technological Revolution and Its Impact on International Security: A Study Based on the History of Science and Technology |
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| 中文关键词: 科技革命 国际安全 技术创新 环境资源 |
| 英文关键词: scientific & technological revolution, international security, technological innovation, environmental resources |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1841 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在承接二战期间涌现的科技成果的基础上，战后科技革命催生了大批与国际安全息息相关的重大科技创新。其对国际安全的主要影响是:美苏“核均势”既使全人类笼罩在核战争的可怕阴影下，也起到了抑制大规模核战争发生的作用；地区冲突和局部战争不断发生，大多是美苏利用其常规武器技术优势在背后支持或直接挑起的；信息技术等尖端技术的发展深刻地改变着战争形态；一些科技革命成果既成为维护国际安全的有力手段，其自身发展也引发了前所未有的新的国际安全问题。随着“现代生活方式”从少数西方国家向整个世界扩展，导致全球气候变化及环境污染问题日趋严重，使“环境安全”成为当今世界最大的、共同的国际安全问题。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| New scientific and technological achievements during the World War II, such as the atomic bomb and acoustic torpedo, greatly affected the course of the war and effectively facilitated the anti fascist war to its final victory. Maintaining the subsequent momentum, the revolution in science and technology in the post war era introduced more international security related innovations, such as the hydrogen bomb, nuclear missile, nuclear power, computer science, aerospace technology, and microelectronics and its impacts on international security are mostly felt in the following five aspects. Firstly, when the cold war nuclear balance between the US and the USSR put the entire human race under the threat of the nuclear war, it also played a role in prohibiting the outbreak of a large scale nuclear war. Secondly, the endless regional conflicts and local wars, though results of ethnic and religious disagreements and territorial disputes, were supported and even provoked by the US and USSR’s utilization their technological superiority in conventional weapons. Thirdly, the cutting edge technology, such as information technology, microelectronics and aerospace technology, has profoundly altered the form of warfare by lowering the threshold for the US to launch a war by means of its advantage in the cutting edge technology. Fourthly, many scientific and technological innovations not only became effective means to safeguard international security, but also posed new challenges to international security, e.g. possible nuclear safety issues as a result of the development of nuclear power. Lastly, prompted by scientific and technological development, the so called modern way of life thus prompted, exemplified by mass production and mass consumption, found its way from a small number of Western countries to the whole world, resulting in global climate change and exacerbated environmental pollution, and thus making environmental security the biggest common international security issue today. |
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