文章摘要
朱小略.中国传统社稷安全观略论[J].国际安全研究,2015,(5):59-80
中国传统社稷安全观略论
On the Sheji Security of China
投稿时间:2015-04-02  修订日期:2015-05-12
DOI:
中文关键词: 社稷安全观  安内  和外  孔子范式  老子范式
英文关键词: sheji security  stability  diplomacy  Confucius  Laotze
基金项目:
作者单位
朱小略 北京大学国际关系学院,北京 ,100871 
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中文摘要:
      国家安全是政治学研究的学科热点之一,而社稷安全是国家传统安全观研究中的一环。从学理上看,社稷安全曾历经多次威胁,包括王权统治的制度性威胁“谋大逆”与“谋反”,内部威胁“寇贼”与外部威胁“外敌”等多重问题。而在此基础上形成的社稷安全观,也具有双重性、内向性和多元平衡性的特点。第一是强调文化与武力的同等重要。传统社稷安全观对文化安全观非常重视。从内外两个方面上看,一方面在家国同构的基础上大力维护儒家的伦理观念,另一方面是以文明传播的形式构建在地缘政治中的身份认同,从而确立整体的和谐共处前景。第二是强调政治管理的作用,即在国家安全因素中凸显内因高于外因的特点。决定国力的根本在于内部的稳定,而王朝的职责在于维持经济生产的有序和政治管理的清明。基于这一条件,传统社稷安全观呈现出很强的内向性和保守性,同时对外部武力进犯非常敏感。第三是追求以“分封制”为核心的异质文明间非暴力统一的共处关系。在一个文明圈内有共同的政治偶像——孔子,共同的政治标准——“儒家”和共同的政治理想——“和”。
英文摘要:
      Sheji security is an important part of traditional Chinese view of national security. Theoretically speaking, sheji security is threatened by mouda’ni (“disloyalty”) and moufan (“treachery”), institutional defects of monarchy; kouzei (“rebellion”), internal unrest and waidi (“invasion”), i.e. external threats. The sheji security outlook is characterized by duality, introversion and cultural multi-polarity. Duality indicates the equal importance of both military force and culture, that is, the need to defend Confucian ethics on the fronts of both family and state, and cultivate political identification through the spread of civilization. Introversion emphasizes the role of good governance, highlighting the prominence of intrinsic factors over extrinsic ones in national security. Internal stability is fundamental to any state power. A monarchy pay special attention to the maintenance of orderly production and just administration, entailing distinct introversion and conservatism as well as sensitivity to foreign invasion. Cultural multi-polarity is aimed at peaceful co-existence, rather than unification between different cultures, by the way of respect for Confucius, adoption of Confucianism and the pursuit for the political ideal ofhe (“harmony”).
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