| 袁莎.言语习惯与安全困境:超越物质主义与理性主义的思考[J].国际安全研究,2016,(1):56-79 |
| 言语习惯与安全困境:超越物质主义与理性主义的思考 |
| Language Habits and Security Dilemmas: Thinking beyond Materialism and Rationalism |
| 投稿时间：2015-10-08 修订日期：2015-11-22 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 言语习惯 安全困境 物质主义 理性主义 |
| 英文关键词: language habit, security dilemma, materialism, rationalism |
| 基金项目:本文系“外交学院2015年度学生科研创新基金项目成果”和“中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目成果”，项目编号ZY2015YA22。本文在撰写过程中得到外交学院孙吉胜教授、美国哥伦比亚大学罗伯特·杰维斯(Robert Jervis)教授的指导以及《国际安全研究》编辑老师和匿名审稿专家的宝贵意见和建议，特此感谢，作者文责自负。2016年第1期 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在国际无政府状态下，追求安全的行为体往往陷入“安全困境”的悲剧。国际关系文献强调，理性行为体为了保障物质安全而采取的物质行为最终导致自身安全的下降，这种物质主义和理性主义理论却不足以解释国际关系现实。一方面，行为体之间的冲突不能完全归咎于物质因素，也需要从非物质因素，如从言语行为中寻找原因；另一方面，行为体的行为有很大一部分源自习惯，而非有意识的理性。因此，文章试图超越物质主义和理性主义理论框架，从言语习惯的角度探究安全困境的形成机制，指出旨在寻求安全的行为体会形成特定的言语习惯，而按照言语习惯说话行事却容易使其他行为体感到不安全并采取措施加以应对，最终导致行为体自身安全的恶化，文章以冷战为例说明言语习惯如何导致美苏陷入安全困境。强调言语习惯的存在和作用，不仅可以丰富安全困境研究，还可以促使行为体反思、改变和建构自己和他人的言语习惯，以期化解安全困境及构建安全共同体。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In the present anarchical international situation, security seeking actors often find themselves trapped in “security dilemmas”. What stands out according the existing International Relations scholarship is the fact that the material acts that rational actors adopt for material security often lead to deterioration of their own security. However, neither the materialist nor the rationalist theory is adequate in explaining real world security dilemmas: on one hand, conflicts may arise out of speech acts and material acts; on the other hand, a large part of acts derive from habits rather than rationality. This paper hereby attempts to go beyond the materialist and rationalist framework and approach the mechanism of security dilemmas from the perspective of language habits. It is argued in here that security seeking actors form specific language habits, and speaking and acting out of these language habits will in turn cause other actors to feel insecure and resort to security measures, thus worsening the original actors’ security. Taking the Cold War as a case study, this paper also demonstrates how language habits had the U.S. and U.S.S.R. trapped in a security dilemma. The recognition of the existence and importance of language habits not only enriches studies of security dilemma, but also urges international actors to review, modify and improve their own language habits and those of others, so as to free oneself from security dilemmas and enjoy the relief of a security community. |
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