| 刘青尧.从气候变化到气候安全：国家的安全化行为研究[J].国际安全研究,2018,(6):130-151 |
| 从气候变化到气候安全：国家的安全化行为研究 |
| From Climate Change to Climate Security: A Study of State Securitization Behaviors |
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| DOI：10.14093/j.cnki.cn10-1132/d.2018.06.007 |
| 中文关键词: 安全化 非传统安全 气候变化 气候安全 |
| 英文关键词: securitization, non-traditional security, climate change, climate security |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1270 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 安全化是非传统安全问题形成的必经过程。在非安全领域的问题能够造成(潜在)威胁并已成为国际社会重要议程的前提下，国家所处的安全环境、本国独立维护安全能力所受威胁的认知以及国家与该问题起源地之间的地理距离，是决定该国是否将该问题安全化的主要因素。其中，国家有关自身独立维护安全能力所受威胁的认知是核心因素。英美两国在气候变化安全化上的行为表明：若某非安全领域问题具有全球性，那么国家与该问题起源地之间的距离可以等同于零。在这种情况下，如果国家安全环境受到较大威胁，那么国家认为其独立维护安全的能力也受到较大威胁，本国将该问题安全化的可能性增大。如果国家安全环境受到威胁较小，这将出现两种情况：第一，若国家认为其独立维护安全的能力未受较大威胁，那么本国将该问题安全化的可能性小。第二，若国家认为其独立维护安全的能力受到较大威胁，那么本国将该问题安全化的可能性大。为了限制国家在安全化行为上的反复变化给全球气候治理造成的障碍，联合国可以通过发挥集体安全机制的作用促使气候变化“集体安全化”。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Securitization is the process of state actors transforming issues into matters of security. When an issue in the non-security field has become an important agenda for the international community, posing a threat or a potential threat to state security, the surrounding security environment, the threat perception of the independent capacity to maintain security and the geographical distance between the state and the home of the issue have become important factors in determining whether a state would securitize an issue. Among these three key factors, the threat perception of the independent capacity to maintain security is the core one in state securitization. Actions taken by the UK and the US with regard to the securitization of climate change have proved that a global issue in the non-security field would reduce the distance between a relevant state and the home of the issue to zero. Then under such circumstances, if a state’s security environment is seriously threatened, the state would consider its capacity to independently maintain security is also under grave threat and then the odds are high that the state would securitize the issue. When a state’s security environment is less threatened, there would be two outcomes. First, if the state considers its capacity to independently maintain security is not under serious threat, the state would be less likely to securitize the issue. Second, if the state considers its abilities to independently maintain security is greatly threatened, it would be more likely for the state to securitize the issue. To reduce the barriers to global climate governance caused by some states’ capricious decisions, the United Nations could make the climate change issue “collectively securitized” through its collective security mechanism. |
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