| 张永攀.从先秦“王畿”到近代民族国家[J].国际安全研究,2021,(6):59-81 |
| 从先秦“王畿”到近代民族国家 |
| From “Wang Ji” in the Pre-Qin Period to Modern Nation-state: On the Evolution and Transformation of Chinese Traditional National Security Concept |
| 投稿时间：2021-02-02 修订日期：2021-06-17 |
| DOI：10.14093/j.cnki.cn10-1132/d.2021.06.003 |
| 中文关键词: 国家安全 安全观 边疆 民本思想 中国古代国家安全防御体系 |
| 英文关键词: national security, borderland, people-oriented thought, ancient China security defense system |
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| 摘要点击次数: 687 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 中国“国家安全观”的发展与时代变迁息息相关，历朝历代均有不同的特征。当下探讨“国家安全”，应注意古代中国与近代中国的联系和区别，古代“国家安全观”可以体现在历代王朝对君王贤能、仁义、礼法、政治制度、民本思想的评议上。中国古代特定的社会存在奠定了中国古代国家安全的总基调，其特征是有备无患、具有防御性。“国家安全”与“天子”“臣民”的能动性存在依附关系，与礼法秩序、政治制度、军事战略统合存在构建关系，民本思想是“国家存亡”的关键，“国家安全”是“外”与“内”的统合体。由于时代局限，古代“国家安全观”存在重中原而轻“夷狄”、重文轻武、重谋轻力等种种局限。历代政权在具体实现“国家安全”方面，重视遣师戍守、设界立关，重视舆图绘制，通过以边拱安、屯田守边、设立“情报”机构等手段强化国家安全。近代以来，维护国家安全的国家“边界线”越来越清晰，中华民族的“总体安全观”越来越强烈，安全观从以皇权为核心转变为以“民族国家”为核心，从“内防”“陆防”为主转向以“外防”“海防”为主，进一步向现代概念上的“国家安全观”转变。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The development of Chinese traditional national security concept is closely related to the changes of the times with different dynasties featured by different characteristics. The current discussion of “national security” should pay due attention to the connections and differences between ancient China and modern China. The national security concept in ancient China can be embodied in the critiques of emperors’ virtues and talents, benevolence and righteousness, etiquette and law, as well as political system and people-oriented thoughts. The specific economic-social existence of ancient China set the general tone for the national security concept featuring precautionary preparedness and defensiveness. “National security” was dependent on the motivations of the “Sons of Heaven” and their “subjects” and had a constructive relationship with the integration of the order of etiquette and law, political system and military strategy. The people-oriented thought was the key to the “survival of a country”, and “national security” was the unity of internal and external factors. Due to the limitation of times, the ancient “national security concept” has many limitations as well, with more importance being attached to the development of the “central plains” than to the borderlands inhabited by non-Han people, to cultural achievements than to military exploits, and to strategic planning than to military capacity building. In order to materialize “national security”, successive regimes of the historical dynasties valued such defensive measures as dispatching troops to frontline garrisons, demarcating the border and drawing maps, setting up checkpoints and reclaiming wastelands, as well as establishing intelligence agencies to better safeguard the borderlands. Since modern times, the awareness of protecting national boundary line has been greatly enhanced and the “overall national security concept” has become the dominant though in managing national security issues. Hence, the security concept has changed from taking the “imperial power” as the core to taking the “nation state” as the pivot, from focusing on “internal defense” and “land defense” to emphasizing “external defense” and “sea defense”, thus making further strides toward the national security concept in a modern sense. |
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