| 李欣.清代中国海疆经略对构建周边海上安全秩序的启示[J].国际安全研究,2021,(6):82-103 |
| 清代中国海疆经略对构建周边海上安全秩序的启示 |
| The Enlightenment of China’s Governance of Coastal and Territorial Seas in the Qing Dynasty on Modern China’s Construction of Peripheral Security Order |
| 投稿时间：2021-02-06 修订日期：2021-03-28 |
| DOI：10.14093/j.cnki.cn10-1132/d.2021.06.004 |
| 中文关键词: 中国清代 天下安全 海疆经略 中国周边 海上安全秩序 |
| 英文关键词: Qing Dynasty of China, governance of coastal and territorial seas, China’s peripheries, maritime security order, “Tian Xia” security |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 作为中国古代王朝国家构建海疆经略体系的顶峰，清朝将“天下”安全思想运用到海疆经略具体实践之中，对包括内洋、外洋、大洋和海上周边关系在内的多重要素进行总体考量，建立起较为成型、完备的海疆安全治理体系。具体表现为：一是按照内洋、外洋和大洋三部进行海域管理。对内洋和外洋，通过行政建制和水师巡查，实现日常的、具体的海上管辖；对于大洋，则将陆地边疆治理中的“以不治治之”原则应用到海上。二是以制度建设保障各地水师开展海上巡视、缉盗、护送、救助等任务，有效维护了东亚海上的安全秩序。三是以宗藩制度经营与周边海上藩属国之间的政治、安全关系，实现了东亚海上的长期和平与稳定。晚清政府以主权原则强化对海岛、海域的管理，取得了重要进展，但在“立约保藩”的外部层面却遭遇失败。探讨清代海疆安全体系构建的历史经验和教训，对于当前中国推动构建周边海上安全秩序，具有历史中国观、总体安全观和国家主体观三方面的重要启示。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| As the epitome and pinnacle of achievements made by China’s ancient dynasties in constructing the governance system of coastal areas and territorial seas, the Qing dynasty applied the Tian Xia (Land under Heaven) thought to its concrete practices, made overall consideration and evaluation of multiple elements including the inland sea, the outer sea, the high sea and maritime peripheral relations, and established a relatively well-formed and comprehensive security governance system of coastal and territorial seas. The specific manifestations of this governance system are as follows. Firstly, governance of coastal and territorial seas was executed in three domains: the inland sea, the outer sea and the high sea where the maritime jurisdiction over the inland sea and the outer sea was carried out through administrative establishment and naval patrolling. In the high sea governance, the principle of “hands-off governance” that was typically used in the land frontier governance was adopted. Secondly, national efforts on system construction ensured that local navies were able to accomplish patrolling, anti-piracy operations, escorting and rescuing tasks and thus effectively safeguarded the maritime security order in East Asia. Thirdly, long-term maritime peace and stability in East Asia were realized by managing the political and security relations with China’s neighboring maritime vassal states. In modern times, the late Qing government made great progress in strengthening its governance on islands and territorial seas by upholding the principle of sovereignty. However, it suffered failures in its efforts to protect its vassal states. Exploration and discussion of historical experiences and lessons will not only shed enlightenment on China’s modern efforts to promote the construction of peripheral maritime security order but also enrich the implications of “historical perspectives on China,” “the overall national security outlook,” and “the outlook on state identity.” |
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