| 程志寰,李彬.导弹防御与美国延伸威慑政策[J].国际安全研究,2021,(6):131-152 |
| 导弹防御与美国延伸威慑政策 |
| Missile Defense and U.S. Extended Deterrence Policy |
| 修订日期：2021-06-22 |
| DOI：10.14093/j.cnki.cn10-1132/d.2021.06.006 |
| 中文关键词: 美国核政策 延伸威慑 核保护伞 导弹防御 安全保证 |
| 英文关键词: United States, extended deterrence, nuclear umbrella, missile defense, security assurance |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 对盟友提供的延伸威慑安全保证，是美国维持与盟友关系的重要基础。冷战时期，美国的延伸威慑主要通过核保护伞方式运作。为了应对冷战后新的安全环境，以满足新旧盟友的安全需求，美国开始通过导弹防御合作来提供对盟友的安全承诺与安全保证。这使得美国的延伸威慑从以核保护伞为核心，转变为核保护伞与导弹防御并重的模式。与盟友发展导弹防御合作关系，对美国的延伸威慑体系造成了一定程度的影响。其正面效益是，导弹防御合作使更多盟友能参与集体防务并贡献更多力量，还可增强盟友与伙伴的凝聚力和向心力，巩固美国的军事领导地位。但是，导弹防御系统仍然不具备绝对的可靠性和有效性，而且美国必须在以导弹防御合作促进延伸威慑方面投入更多的成本。如今，美国已开始加大力度，团结盟友进行新一轮的全球战略竞争。在此背景下，导弹防御延伸威慑模式的可持续性也将面临考验。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| US security commitments of extended deterrence to its allies serve as a significant foundation for the relations between US and its allies. During the Cold War, the US extended deterrence had been working mainly through its nuclear umbrella. In order to get adapted to the new post–cold war security environment and meet the security demands of its old and new allies, the United States began to provide security commitments for its allies by virtue of missile defense cooperation, which means the US attaches equal importance to missile defense and nuclear umbrella in its deterrence provision. Developing missile defense partnerships with its allies will surely exert impact on the US extended deterrence system. The so-called positive impact is that missile defense cooperation enables more allies to participate in and contribute to collective defense, which has greatly strengthened the centripetal force of the US alliance network and the US military leadership. The so-called negative impact is that missile defense system cannot be absolutely reliable and effective, indicating that the US needs to invest more money for the effectiveness of its extended deterrence policy. Nowadays, the United States has stepped up efforts to get its allies together in a new round of global strategic competition. Against this background, the sustainability of the extended deterrence model featuring missile defense needs to be tested. |
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