| 杨娜,程弘毅.安全透镜：科技在安全议题中的过程与机制[J].国际安全研究,2023,(1):75-98 |
| 安全透镜：科技在安全议题中的过程与机制 |
| Lens of Security: Process and Mechanism of Science and Technology in Security Issues |
| 修订日期：2022-09-26 |
| DOI：10.14093/j.cnki.cn10-1132/d.2023.01.004 |
| 中文关键词: 科技—安全 安全化 去安全化 安全透镜 科技互动关系 |
| 英文关键词: sci-tech security, securitization, desecuritization, lens of security, sci-tech interactions |
| 基金项目: |
| 作者 | 单位 | | 杨娜 | YANG Na, Professor, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University
CHENG Hongyi, Ph.D. Student, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University Tianjin, 300350. | | 程弘毅 | YANG Na, Professor, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University
CHENG Hongyi, Ph.D. Student, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University Tianjin, 300350. |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 科技的竞争与合作日益成为国家间互动的核心内容之一，它被视为影响国家实力对比、安全环境和对外行为的重要变量。大国对促进科技发展和保持科技优势的追求，促使科技要素与安全议题的关联度显著提高。将科技看作存在于各领域的“安全透镜”，根据资源和知识两要素的分享程度来界定不同行为体间的“科技—安全”互动，尝试发展出一种兼顾科技发展特征和各领域具体互动的整体框架，可以发现行为体之间在科技领域构成对抗、竞争或形成有限共享的合作关系。究其原因，领域的具体特征和特定领域的科技实力对比导致了领域的安全化以及行为体间科技互动的形成，美日20世纪80年代的芯片战和中法涡轴-16航空发动机研发合作分别是竞争型科技互动与合作型科技互动两种类型的典型案例。科技的发展更新也会使行为体间的互动类型呈现一定变化，出现一种“由安全化到去安全化”的共性趋势，国际空间站的技术进步及其民用转向促使美苏(俄)在该领域的长期合作可以验证这一趋势。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Competition and cooperation in the field of science and technology have increasingly become one of the core components of interactions between countries. They are also regarded as key variables that affect international comparison of national strength, security environment and countries’ external behaviors. The efforts made by major countries to promote sci-tech development and maintain competitive edge in science and technology has significantly enhanced the position of scientific and technological elements in security issues. If science and technology are considered as “lens of security” that exist in various fields, interactions between different actors in relation to security and the development of science and technology can be defined in accordance with the sharing degree of such two elements as resources and knowledge. Then, an overall framework can be developed to take into account the overall developmental characteristics of science and technology, and specific interactions in various fields. Within the framework, confrontation or competition between actors may arise or cooperation featured by limited sharing may be formed in the field of science and technology. The underlying reason is that the specific characteristics of the field and the comparison of scientific and technological strength lead to the formation of securitization of the field and scientific and technological interactions between actors. Two case studies are well chosen to better illustrate competition-oriented and cooperation-oriented sci-tech interactions, namely the chip war between the United States and Japan in the 1980s and the Sino-French turboshaft-16 aeroengine R&D cooperation. The development and updating of science and technology will change the types of interactions between actors with a trend from “securitization” to “desecuritization”. The trend can be verified by the long-term cooperation between the United States and Russia in the field of space exploration represented by the International Space Station and its civil transformation. |
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