| 王彦飞,张传杰.军事干预需求、规范敏感性与大国海外安全市场化发展模式[J].国际安全研究,2024,(6):74-95 |
| 军事干预需求、规范敏感性与大国海外安全市场化发展模式 |
| Overseas Military Intervention Need, Norm Sensitivity and Evolution Models of Overseas Security Marketization among Major Countries |
| 修订日期：2024-10-11 |
| DOI：10.14093/j.cnki.cn10-1132/d.2024.06.004 |
| 中文关键词: 海外利益安全 安全市场化 私营军事安保公司 军事干预需求 规范敏感性 |
| 英文关键词: overseas interests security, privatization of security, private military and security companies, demands for overseas military intervention, norm sensitivity |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 冷战后，私营军事安保公司在大国普遍出现，但是这些国家安全市场化的发展模式有所不同。有些大国采取作战型模式，一些大国属于安保型模式，也有大国从作战型模式转为军事辅助型模式。作者以海外军事干预需求和规范敏感性为变量，搭建大国海外安全市场化发展模式的解释框架，着重讨论国家和公司的关系。当海外军事干预需求强、规范敏感性低时，大国出现作战型发展模式；当海外军事干预需求强、规范敏感性高时，大国采取军事辅助型模式；当海外军事干预需求弱、规范敏感性高时，大国出现安保型模式。世界主要大国海外安全市场化的发展经验证实了上述假设。英国和美国的案例比较分别验证了大国的作战型模式和军事辅助型模式的成因，而印度和日本的案例论证了安保型模式产生的逻辑。当前，中国加强海外利益保护的需求日益迫切，讨论大国海外安全市场化的发展，对中国借助市场化手段保障海外利益安全也有一定的启发。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The post-Cold War period saw the widespread emergence of private military and security companies (PMSCs) among major countries whose models of overseas security services vary greatly. Some major countries have adopted a military operational or security-oriented model, while others have shifted from the military operational model to military auxiliary model. This paper aims to establish an explanatory framework for the security marketization models of major countries, using the need for overseas military intervention and norm sensitivity as variables. This research centers on the home state of these companies, with a specific emphasis on the “state-company” relations. When a state’s need for overseas military intervention is strong and, at the same time, norm sensitivity is low, a military operational model emerges. When the need for overseas military intervention is strong and norm sensitivity is high, a military auxiliary model is adopted. When the need for overseas military intervention is weak and normative sensitivity is high, major countries often follow a security-oriented model. The hypothesis of this research is supported by the empirical evidence of major countries worldwide. The comparison between the cases of the United Kingdom and the United States validates the genesis of the military operational and military auxiliary models. The cases of India and Japan argue for the logic of the emergence of the security-oriented model. At present, China is facing an urgent need to better protect its overseas interests. Discussing different models of overseas security marketization among major countries of the world will shed light on China’s efforts to safeguard the security of its overseas interests through market-oriented means. |
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