| 王国语,张泽辰.外空军控治理“释法/造法”新维度与新路径[J].国际安全研究,2025,(4):99-125 |
| 外空军控治理“释法/造法”新维度与新路径 |
| New Dimensions and Pathways for Arms Control Governance in Outer Space |
| 修订日期：2025-06-03 |
| DOI：10.14093/j.cnki.cn10-1132/d.2025.04.005 |
| 中文关键词: 外空软法 外空硬法 外空军控 外空安全全球治理 法律解释 |
| 英文关键词: soft law in outer space, hard law in outer space, arms control in outer space, global governance of outer space security, law interpretation |
| 基金项目: |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 1322 |
| 全文下载次数: 436 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 外空被视为大国博弈的制高点。相比硬实力比拼而言，外空军控规则博弈更为显性、直接和长效，因为军控规则往往意味着禁止或限制某类能力或行为。随着外空武器化和战场化风险日益增加，博弈各方对于有序博弈的诉求不断提升，航天大国对于具体军控规则的诉求整体趋同，但由于战略定位的不同也必然存在实质性分歧。2008年以来，相关方根据博弈需要，同时也是为了解决外空安全治理国际规则体系发展滞后的问题，各类外空军控倡议层出不穷，规则博弈日趋激烈复杂。大部分观点认为，外空军控已形成中俄主导的“硬法”与美西方主导的“软法”两种治理路径，阵营之争首先体现为路径之争。软法/硬法二分法治理维度已成为加剧大国外空博弈的政治工具和导致外空治理更加分裂的“伤害性力量”。各国被迫“选边站队”，形成了两大军控进程并行竞争的局面，外空军控谈判一度陷入僵局，对各方而言，这既是挑战，也是机遇。外空军控博弈的关键就在于谁能率先提出打破僵局的新维度和新路径，引领国际社会走向良性的外空安全治理，谁就将真正主导外空安全全球治理的话语权。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Outer space is increasingly perceived as a strategic high ground for major-country competition. Compared to hard power competition, the game of rules-setting in outer space arms control is more explicit, direct and long-lasting, as such rules often entail prohibitions or restrictions on specific capabilities or behaviors. With the growing risks of weaponization and militarization of outer space, the demand for orderly competition among states and other stakeholders has increased. While spacefaring states call for setting specific rules for outer space arms control, substantive differences still exist due to their different strategic priorities. Since 2008, various outer space arms control initiatives have emerged to address spacefaring states’ strategic demands and the lagging development of the international regulatory framework for outer space security governance, which makes the competition for establishing outer space rules become increasingly intense and complex. Most academic views suggest that in the process of preventing an arms race in outer space, there have emerged two governance pathways: the “hard law” championed by China and Russia, and the “soft law” led by the United States and other Western countries. The governance dichotomy between “hard law” and “soft law” has exacerbated the competition for influence among spacefaring states, leading to a more divided governance landscape. Against this backdrop, states need to “take sides” when dealing with a situation in which two parallel arms control processes compete with each other. At the same time, the stalled negotiations present both challenges and opportunities for all parties. The key to breaking the deadlock in outer space arms control lies in the proposal of new dimensions and pathways for arms control governance in outer space that can lead the international community towards a cooperative and effective outer space governance. |
|
查看全文
查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 关闭 |
|
|
|