| 曾庆鸣,毛维准.关键基础设施武器化攻防[J].国际安全研究,2025,(6):70-97 |
| 关键基础设施武器化攻防 |
| Weaponization of Critical Infrastructure: A Simulation Experiment in Offensive and Defensive Modeling for National Security |
| 投稿时间：2025-06-06 修订日期：2025-08-16 |
| DOI：10.14093/j.cnki.cn10-1132/d.2025.06.004 |
| 中文关键词: 关键基础设施 国家安全 武器化攻防 基建权 |
| 英文关键词: critical infrastructure, national security, weaponized offense and defense, infrastructural power |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 全球关键基础设施正发生着从国家权力的支撑要素向国家权力本体的质变，成为大国地缘博弈的杠杆支点和权力投射的战略通道。关键基础设施从技术中性的物理装置转变为维系互联互通的相互依赖纽带，继而武器化并成为强制胁迫的工具，甚至可能形成“基建权”。关键基础设施的地缘攻防推动了地缘政治与权力形式的变革、安全困境与效率—安全悖论的形成以及战略范式与军事原则的转变。北溪管道毁坏、国际资金清算系统(SWIFT)武器化等事件凸显了关键基础设施领域潜藏的国家安全风险。武器化与攻击风险何以导致关键基础设施失败崩溃？立足2024年欧洲跨国天然气输送管道网络相关数据，本研究发现，蓄意攻击与节点攻击能够造成关键基础设施相互依赖网络不同程度的割裂崩溃，蓄意节点攻击使得关键基础设施网络迅速崩溃失效，蓄意连边攻击与随机节点攻击导致网络瘫痪则更为缓慢，随机连边攻击下的网络具有一定的恢复能力。关键基础设施的攻防对抗催生出新型战场时空观和安全风险领域。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Global critical infrastructure is undergoing a profound shift: From merely supporting national power, it is now becoming the very embodiment and extension of that power. This transition establishes infrastructure as a key lever for geopolitical competition among major countries and a strategic conduit for power projection. Evolving from technologically passive physical assets into interdependent ties sustaining global interconnectivity, critical infrastructure is increasingly weaponized and transformed into tools of coercion, thereby giving rise to the notion of “infrastructure-based power.” The geopolitical contestation over critical infrastructure is fundamentally reshaping global power dynamics and geopolitical structures, simultaneously generating acute security dilemmas and the efficiency–security paradox, which in turn necessitates a reassessment of strategic paradigms and military doctrines. Incidents such as the destruction of the Nord Stream pipelines and the weaponization of the SWIFT system forcefully highlight underlying national security vulnerabilities in this domain. How do the pervasive risks of weaponization and targeted attacks contribute to the cascading disruption and potential collapse of critical infrastructure? Based on data from European transnational natural gas pipeline networks in 2024, this study finds that deliberate and targeted node attacks induce varying degrees of fragmentation and systemic collapse in interdependent critical infrastructure networks. Specifically, targeted node attacks trigger rapid and widespread network failure, whereas targeted edge attacks and random node disruptions lead to a gradual onset of paralysis. The networks, however, exhibit a notable degree of resilience against random edge disruptions. It is evident that the offensive and defensive struggles over critical infrastructure have engendered new conceptions of battlefield time–space and novel domains of security risk. |
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