| 宋伟,袁盛锐.准联盟：概念界定与案例检验[J].国际安全研究,2026,(1):42-74 |
| 准联盟：概念界定与案例检验 |
| Quasi-Alliance: Conceptual Definition and Empirical Verification |
| 修订日期：2025-09-04 |
| DOI：10.14093/j.cnki.cn10-1132/d.2026.01.003 |
| 中文关键词: 联盟 条约承诺 高水平合作 联盟 |
| 英文关键词: quasi-alliance, treaty commitments, high-level cooperation, alliance |
| 基金项目: |
|
| 摘要点击次数: 1134 |
| 全文下载次数: 249 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 准联盟是国家间合作的重要形式。准联盟应当被重新定义为两个及两个以上主权国家之间的一种合作关系，其中各方的合作水平与联盟相当，但彼此间没有共同防御或进攻的条约承诺。准联盟性质的合作能够为国家提供灵活的、高水平的支持。准联盟的合作水平与联盟相当，主要体现在战略和军事两个方面。战略上，准联盟各方进行全面的政策协调，包括在重大问题上对彼此的支持和关键政策的协调；军事上，准联盟各方开展高水平安全合作，包括共同制定军事战略或计划、开展军售或军事援助以及推动军事一体化。新的定义可以将准联盟与联盟、联合阵线等其他安全合作形式进行明确区分。对两个正面案例（1939年到1941年的美英关系和2023年以来的美以关系），以及与两个反面案例（1936年到1940年的德日关系和1964年到1968年的美沙关系）的比较研究显示，尽管这四个案例都符合准联盟的既有定义，但两组案例的合作水平存在显著差异，只有两个正面案例可以被看作是“准联盟”。这一结论验证了既有定义的不足，也支持了准联盟的新定义。四个案例在性质上的不同影响了其合作效果。这证明了严格界定准联盟的重要性：从实际合作水平界定准联盟更有利于准确认识这一现象的本质。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Quasi-alliances constitute an important form of cooperation between states. In this paper, a quasi-alliance is redefined as a cooperative relationship between two or more sovereign states, where the level of cooperation is equivalent to that of an alliance, but without any treaty-based commitments for collective defense or offense. Quasi-alliance cooperation can provide states with a flexible and high-level support. The alliance-comparable level of cooperation is reflected in both the strategic and military dimensions. Strategically, the quasi-alliance parties engage in comprehensive coordination, encompassing mutual support on major issues and alignment of key policies. Militarily, the quasi-alliance parties undertake high-level cooperation, including the joint formulation of military strategies or plans, arms sales or military assistance, and efforts to advance military integration. The new definition can clearly distinguish quasi-alliances from other forms of security cooperation, such as alliances and coalitions. A comparative study of two positive cases—American-Anglo relations (1939-1941) and American-Israeli relations (since 2023)—and two negative cases—German-Japanese relations (1936-1940) and American-Saudi Arabian relations (1964-1968)—indicates a critical distinction. While all four cases technically conform to the existing definition of quasi-alliances, only the two positive cases demonstrate the requisite high level of cooperation to be classified as genuine quasi-alliances. This conclusion not only reveals the limitations of the existing definition but also lends support to the proposed new definition of quasi-alliances. The differences in the nature of the four cases have affected their cooperative outcomes. This underscores the importance of strictly defining quasi-alliances: Conceptualizing them on the basis of actual levels of cooperation enables a more accurate understanding of the phenomenon’s essence. |
|
查看全文
查看/发表评论 下载PDF阅读器 |
| 关闭 |
|
|
|