| 张锐.无人现身与全员出动：无人机作战2.0时代的战争形态与安全挑战[J].国际安全研究,2026,(1):105-130 |
| 无人现身与全员出动：无人机作战2.0时代的战争形态与安全挑战 |
| The Paradox of Presence and Absence: The Transformation of Warfighting and Security Challenges in the Era of Drone Warfare 2.0 |
| 修订日期：2025-10-13 |
| DOI：10.14093/j.cnki.cn10-1132/d.2026.01.005 |
| 中文关键词: 无人机 战争形态 安全挑战 乌克兰危机 |
| 英文关键词: drones, forms of warfare, security challenges, Russia-Ukraine crisis |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1476 |
| 全文下载次数: 358 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 全球进入无人机作战的2.0时代，主要趋势包括无人机成为战略性武器平台，在各类冲突中承担多样化作战任务；小型无人机的军事价值日益凸显；技术迭代持续加速，人工智能水平不断提升。无人机的大规模应用衍生出两种突出战争形态：一是战场局部的无人化，机器系统在地面接触线和远程空袭中广泛替代传统作战人员；二是多条战线的军民参与，涵盖军事战线的跨域协同、经济战线的装备产能竞争以及信息战线的认知对抗，机器融入人的作战，激发更为广泛的社会动员和抗争行动。无人机并非简单地替代人力，而是深刻重构了人机协同关系中人类的功能角色与作战位置。无人机作战的2.0时代正在制造一系列全球安全挑战，包括塑造“强者愈强”的安全格局、增加战争爆发风险、加剧战争激烈程度以及制造庞大经济成本，更多作战人员与平民暴露于严重威胁之下。国际社会应破除对无人机的技术迷思和道德美化，及时推进必要且充分的安全治理合作。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The world has entered the era of drone warfare 2.0, characterized by several key trends: Drones have evolved into strategic weapon platforms capable of undertaking diverse operational missions in varied conflicts; the military utility of small drones is becoming increasingly prominent; and technological iteration continues to accelerate, driven by rapid advances in artificial intelligence. The large-scale deployment of drones has given rise to two distinct forms of warfare: First, the advent of unmanned combat across specific battlefield domains, where machine systems increasingly substitute traditional combatants in ground engagements and long-range airstrikes; second, the expansion of multi-front civil-military participation, encompassing cross-domain coordination in military operations, industrial capacity competition in the economic sphere, and cognitive confrontation in the information domain. The integration of machines into human warfare has sparked broader social mobilization and collective resistance. Drones are profoundly reshaping the functional roles and tactical positions of humans within human-machine collaborative systems. This new era has introduced a range of global security challenges, including entrenching a “strong-get-stronger” security architecture, heightening the risk of armed conflict, intensifying the ferocity of warfare, and incurring substantial economic costs. The international community must move beyond technological determinism and moral idealization about drones, and promptly promote necessary and robust security governance cooperation. |
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