| 潘子阳.生态位护持：美国对华生物竞合的战略选择[J].国际安全研究,2026,(3):80-103 |
| 生态位护持：美国对华生物竞合的战略选择 |
| Niche Maintenance: The Strategic Logic of U.S. Bio-Coopetition Towards China |
| 修订日期：2025-12-11 |
| DOI：10.14093/j.cnki.cn10-1132/d.2026.03.004 |
| 中文关键词: 生物竞合 生物安全治理 生态位护持 美国对华战略 |
| 英文关键词: bio-coopetition, biosecurity governance, niche maintenance, U.S. strategy towards China |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 近年来，霸权国肆意操弄生物议题，试图独占第三次生物科技革命的高端生态位。既有研究多局限于二元对抗的线性叙事，缺乏将生物权力网络中的竞争与合作整体纳入大国战略互动的视野。通过对生态学基本定理进行知识迁移，构建了一个解释霸权国对崛起国实施“选择性合作”与“全景式遏压”的理论框架。生物霸权国扭曲了国际生态系统的演化规律，依据生态位的分化及其位势的结构性配置，实施了差异化竞合的战略选择：在生态位相邻且国内治理危机日益加重的芬太尼领域，霸权国将共生合作关系异化为“寄生合作”，通过对华实施强迫性功能协作实现风险转嫁；在生态位重叠且存在位势焦虑的前沿生物技术领域，采取阻断性竞争战略，通过构筑“技术隔离带”强行阻滞中国的生态位跃迁；在生态位重叠但目标位势较低的生物制造领域，则通过扩展性竞争战略推动生物供应链重组与产业回流。上述分析揭开了霸权国“生态位护持”战略的黑箱，不仅为超越生物大国博弈的“修昔底德陷阱”提供了组织生态学的协同演化范式，更为建构共生型全球生物治理体系提供了重要的理论启示。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In recent years, the bio-hegemon has increasingly weaponized biological capacities to monopolize high-end ecological niches amid the third biotechnology revolution. However, existing literature is largely confined to linear narratives of binary confrontations, lacking a systematic analysis of the interaction between competition and cooperation within biological power networks. This study integrates fundamental ecological principles to construct a theoretical framework that explains how the hegemonic power enhances its strength through “selective cooperation” and “panoramic containment.” This study reveals that the bio-hegemon distorts the evolutionary logic of the international ecosystem by adopting structural configurations and exploiting the potential of niche differentiation. Specifically, on fentanyl-related issues, where niches are adjacent and domestic governance crises are intensifying, the hegemonic power transforms symbiotic cooperation into “parasitic cooperation,” imposing governance risks on China through coercive functional collaboration. In the field of advanced biotechnology, overlapping niche positioning triggers potential displacement anxiety. The hegemonic power employs “blocking competition” to construct technical barriers, forcibly hindering China’s niche advancement. In the bio-manufacturing sector with overlapping niches but lower target positional power, the hegemonic power promotes the restructuring of biological supply chains and industrial repatriation through expansionary competition strategies. These analyses unveil the internal logic behind the hegemonic power’s niche maintenance strategy. Meanwhile, they provide a co-evolutionary paradigm of organizational ecology for avoiding the Thucydides Trap in bio-strategic competition. This study offers important theoretical insights for building a symbiotic and inclusive global biotechnology governance system. |
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