| 黄日涵,石宇坤.轨道资源与算力霸权：“算力星座”的国际安全博弈[J].国际安全研究,2026,(4):106-133 |
| 轨道资源与算力霸权：“算力星座”的国际安全博弈 |
| Orbital Resources and Computing-Power Hegemony: International Security Competition over “Space Computing Constellations” |
| 修订日期：2026-06-21 |
| DOI：10.14093/j.cnki.cn10-1132/d.2026.04.005#$TAB |
| 中文关键词: 算力星座 轨道资源 算力霸权 国际安全 太空治理 |
| 英文关键词: space computing constellations, orbital resources, computing-power hegemony, international security, space governance |
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| 摘要点击次数: 258 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在当前人工智能跃迁式发展背景下，地面算力增长受制于资源消耗逐渐陷入瓶颈。随着低轨卫星星座的持续部署，利用太空环境优势开展在轨计算与分布式处理的“算力星座”开始进入国家战略视野。相较传统卫星以数据回传为主的运行模式，“算力星座”将数据处理环节前移，在计算卫星系统内完成信息获取、处理与应用，从而缩短反应时间并提高运行效率。在外空军事化、武器化趋势下，这一变化使太空算力逐渐与国家安全能力相联系，围绕“算力星座”的布局逐渐成为一国太空战略的重要部分。然而，受制于现有国际规则与物理约束，轨道资源作为部署“算力星座”的基础条件呈现明显的稀缺性与先占特征，不同国家在轨道占位与频谱使用上的竞争日趋激烈。在轨道资源约束与算力能力扩展的共同作用下，太空算力逐渐由技术要素转化为权力资源，并通过“算力星座”这一具体形态介入国际安全博弈中。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Against the backdrop of rapid advances in artificial intelligence, the growth of ground-based computing power is increasingly constrained by bottlenecks caused by rising resource consumption. With the continuous deployment of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, “space computing constellations”—systems that leverage the unique advantages of the space environment for on-orbit computing and distributed data processing—have begun to enter the strategic agendas of major countries. Unlike conventional satellites, which mainly rely on downlinking raw data to Earth, “space computing constellations” shift data processing into orbit, enabling information acquisition, processing, and application to be completed within orbital computing systems, thereby reducing response latency and optimizing operational efficiency. Amid the growing militarization and weaponization of outer space, this shift increasingly links space-based computing power with national security capabilities, making the deployment of “space computing constellations” an integral part of national space strategies. However, constrained by existing international regulations and physical limitations, orbital resources—the prerequisite for deploying “space computing constellations”—exhibit clear scarcity and first-come, first-served characteristics, leading to an intensifying geopolitical competition over orbital slots and spectrum allocation. Under the combined effects of orbital resource constraints and the expansion of computing capabilities, space-based computing power is gradually being transformed from a technological factor into a power resource, and is entering international security competition through the deployment of “space computing constellations” |
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