| 鲜甄.“毒品反恐”：美国国家安全议程的新反恐叙事机制[J].国际安全研究,2026,(4):134-156 |
| “毒品反恐”：美国国家安全议程的新反恐叙事机制 |
| Counter-Narcoterrorism: A New Counter-Terrorism Narrative Mechanism in the U.S. National Security Agenda |
| 修订日期：2026-03-31 |
| DOI：10.14093/j.cnki.cn10-1132/d.2026.04.006 |
| 中文关键词: 毒品反恐 叙事机制 叙事武器化 恐怖主义 |
| 英文关键词: narco-terrorism, narrative mechanism, weaponization of narrative, terrorism |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 九一一事件后，以伊斯兰极端主义为首要威胁的宗教导向型反恐叙事长期主导美国国家安全议程设置。特朗普第二任期以来，美国反恐话语逐渐脱离宗教标签，转向以打击毒品犯罪为核心的实用主义发展路径。2025年美国《国家安全战略》报告明确将跨国贩毒集团界定为“非意识形态恐怖实体”，标志着美国反恐叙事完成从意识形态对抗到打击实体犯罪的范式转移。反恐叙事变迁是美国在经历长期全球反恐战争消耗后，战略重心调整与国内政治需求交织的必然结果。解构美国毒品反恐叙事的生成机制可以看出，战略收缩下“恐怖主义”概念与反恐对象的差异化认定、二元对立的逻辑引导以及惩罚形式合理化反恐措施是促成反恐叙事武器化发展的主要原因。“毒品反恐”叙事的建构为特朗普政府实现“精准收缩”、维持地区主导地位、推进国内保守主义政策提供了合法性支撑。以“毒品反恐”为名义，美国将反恐资源集中于特定地缘区域和战略对手，从而在不引发大规模战争的前提下，实现对西半球的绝对控制和对竞争对手的低成本遏制。同时，将贩毒集团恐怖主义化，为其绕过国会战争授权动用军事力量介入他国内政提供法律与舆论工具，也让行政权力在国家安全领域的扩张获得更大空间。从宗教反恐到毒品反恐的叙事转变，本质是美国国家安全体系服务霸权护持与地区权力扩张的话语重构。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Since the 9/11 attacks, a religion-centered counter-terrorism narrative, predicated on the identification of Islamic extremism as the primary threat, has long dominated U.S. national security agenda setting. However, since the return of the Trump administration for its second term, U.S. counter-terrorism discourse has gradually shed its religious framing, pivoting toward a pragmatic trajectory centered on combating narcotics crime. The 2025 National Security Strategy explicitly designates transnational drug cartels as “non-ideological terrorist entities”—a move that marks a paradigm shift in the U.S. counter-terrorism narrative from ideological confrontation to the combating of substantive criminal activities. This narrative transformation is the inevitable outcome of the interplay between strategic realignment and domestic political imperatives in the wake of the prolonged attrition of the Global War on Terrorism. A deconstruction of the generative mechanism of the “narco-terrorism” narrative reveals that the redefinition of terrorism and its targets under strategic retrenchment, the logic of binary opposition, and the framing of counter-terrorism measures as forms of “punishment” are the primary drivers of the weaponization of this narrative. The construction of the “narco-terrorism” narrative enables the Trump administration to achieve “precision retrenchment,” maintain regional dominance, and legitimize domestic conservative agendas. Under the banner of “narco-terrorism,” the U.S. concentrates its counter-terrorism resources on specific geopolitical theaters and strategic adversaries, thereby achieving dominance over the Western Hemisphere and the low-cost containment of competitors without precipitating large-scale warfare. At the same time, the designation of drug cartels as terrorist organizations provides the legal and rhetorical leverage to bypass congressional war authorization, justify military intervention in the internal affairs of other states, and expand executive authority within the realm of national security. Ultimately, the narrative shift from “religious counter-terrorism” to “narco-terrorism” represents a discursive reconstruction of the U.S. national security architecture, one that serves the dual imperatives of hegemonic maintenance and regional power expansion. |
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