| 卢凌宇,崔磊.霸权衰落与“泛安全化”：基于美国的个案分析[J].国际安全研究,2024,(3):76-97 |
| 霸权衰落与“泛安全化”：基于美国的个案分析 |
| Hegemonic Decline and “Pan-Securitization” |
| 修订日期：2024-03-05 |
| DOI：10.14093/j.cnki.cn10-1132/d.2024.03.004 |
| 中文关键词: 霸权衰落 泛安全化 霸权护持 政治话语叙事 |
| 英文关键词: hegemonic decline, pan-securitization, hegemonic maintenance, political discourse/narrative |
| 基金项目: |
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| 摘要点击次数: 253 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 衰落是霸权的宿命，但霸权国既不会主动放弃国际政治中的主导地位，也不会静待霸权体系崩溃。处于衰落阶段的霸权国期待维持与崛起国之间的权力差距，以延长霸权的寿命。然而，权力转移等国际关系结构性因素的变化导致离岸平衡和军事打击等传统手段难以在衰落阶段奏效。相比之下，“安全化”为霸权国家的霸权护持行动与选择——如领域撤退或强制惩罚——提供了合法性依据。同时，由于霸权的同心圆特性，核心利益被触动会引发霸权国在核心和外围领域的全方位的打压，进而泛化议题和对象。衰落中的霸权国通过“危机感知”—“构建并接受安全化诉求”—“泛安全化”的传导路径，将维持霸权地位的诉求以泛安全化的形式展现出来。然而，美国霸权衰落的经验事实表明，泛安全化作为衰落阶段的霸权护持手段不仅与理论预期相反，而且成效也不尽人意。面对美国霸权的泛安全化，中国应当保持战略定力，坚守并贯彻总体国家安全观。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Although all hegemons eventually decline, they neither voluntarily give up their dominant positions in international politics nor do nothing but to wait for the collapse of the hegemonic system. Hegemons in decline still expect to maintain the power gap with the rising powers in order to prolong the lifespan of their hegemony. However, the broad changes in international relations such as power shift have made it difficult for traditional means including offshore balancing and military strikes to take effect. In contrast, “securitization” provides a legal basis for hegemons to maintain their hegemonic status by means of, say, coercive punishment. At the same time, the damage to the core interests of hegemons will trigger their comprehensive suppression activities against other countries in the core and peripheral areas, thereby “expanding” issues and objects concerned. Through “crisis perception”, the declining hegemons present their intentions to maintain their hegemonic status in the form of “pan-securitization”. The empirical facts of the decline of U.S. hegemony show that “pan-securitization” as a means of safeguarding hegemony in the declining stage not only contradicts theoretical expectations, but also yields unsatisfactory results. In the face of the pan-securitized hegemony of the U.S., China should maintain its strategic orientation and firmly stick to the holistic approach to national security. |
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