Page 161 - 《国际安全研究》2023年第3期

Vo1. 41, No. 3, May/June 2023
encouraging the defeated state to move towards goodwill neutrality or follow a policy
of bandwagoning, and predicting the trend of major country relations after dominance
wars in a specific region.
[Keywords] defeated countries, war of revenge, war for dominance, major country
diplomacy, strategic competition
[Author] JIANG Peng, Associate Professor, School of International Relations, Sun
Yat-Sen University (Zhuhai, 519000).

79 Retrospective Compensation Claims and Catalyzaton of International
Wars
LIU Minwei and LI Jiapeng

[Abstract] Existing rationalist theories on the causes of war hold that the calculation
of expected utility about future gains and losses of war plays a dominant role in states’
choices of conflict behavior. The inclusion of sunk costs and various past interactions
into utility calculation is regarded as irrational under the above theoretical path. This
theoretical bias limits the explanatory power of rationalist theories on the causes of
war. In fact, concerns about sunk costs related to material and time lead to extreme
sensitivity to relative gains when state actors interact with each other. In order to avoid
the power imbalance caused by the excessive accumulation of relative material gains
or time advantages of a specific party, the state that thinks itself to be in the frame of
loss will from time to time claim retrospective compensations that cannot be accepted
by the other party, so that the common ground on which the conflict settlement plan
can be reached is greatly compressed. In addition, the cognitive gap between two
parties when judging the decision-making framework of the other side increases the
willingness to take risks and leads to an overestimation of the other side’s hostility
and an underestimation of the other side’s determination to get engaged in the conflict,
which increases the likelihood of the conflict escalating into war. The Ukraine Crisis
and the pre-World War I military mobilization can be regarded as two typical cases to
demonstrate, respectively, the victim-perpetrator strategic interactions around the
competition for material interests and the posterior strategy to gain a time advantage.
[Keywords] retrospective claims, victimhood, posterior strategy, the Ukraine crisis,
World War I
[Authors] LIU Minwei, Assistant Professor, School of Political Science and Public
Administration, Wuhan University (Wuhan, 430072); LI Jiapeng, Ph.D. Student,
School of International Studies, Renmin University of China (Beijing, 100872).

106 The Complexity of Securitization of Gender: A Case Study of
Women, Peace and Security Agenda

LI Yingtao and WANG Haimei

[Abstract] Security is one of the core concepts in international relations. Since the end
of the Cold War, there have been new developments in security studies that are
diametrically different from the traditional security researches centered on national
military security. In the 1990s, the constructivist theory of securitization was put
forward by the Copenhagen School. Feminist security studies attach great importance
to the relationship between gender and security, arguing that the securitization theory
of the Copenhagen School fails to include a concept of gendered security and has no
concept of gender-based insecurity. With the joint efforts of all stakeholders, the UN

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