Page 162 - 《国际安全研究》2023年第3期

Journal of International Security Studies
Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) and its subsequent resolutions established
the Women, Peace and Security Agenda (WPS Agenda), and thus gender issues have
been integrated into international peace and security agenda. Whether such gender
issues as women’s participation, women’s rights and sexual violence are a matter of
securitization or de-securitization is actually influenced by multiple intertwined
factors. Under the comprehensive influences of different actors and various factors,
the interactions and debates concerning the WPS Agenda among the members of the
Security Council, especially its permanent members, have promoted the development
process of securitization of gender issues, which not only demonstrates the complexity
of “inter-subjective and socially constructed” securitization issues, but also regulates
the degrees and limits of securitization under the Security Council’s voting mechanism.
The prospect for securitization of gender issues is also featured by complexity and
multiple possibilities.
[Keywords] Women, Peace and Security Agenda (WPS Agenda), securitization, de-
securitization, intersubjective process, complexities
[Authors] LI Yingtao, Tianshan Scholar at Xinjiang University and Professor at
School of International Relations and Diplomacy, Beijing Foreign Studies University
(Beijing, 100081); WANG Haimei, Editor of The Journal of International Studies,
School of International Studies, Peking University (Beijing, 100871).

133 “Reducing Space Threats Through Norms, Rules and Principles of
Responsible Behaviors” and New Trends in International Regimes
of Space Security
YU Runze and JIANG Tianjiao

[Abstract] In recent years, the space security environment has been undergoing drastic
changes with the accelerated pace of space militarization, the rise of the commercial
aerospace industry, the increased space congestion, and the deepening of military-
civilian integration in outer space. Against this backdrop, in 2020, the United
Kingdom launched a new space arms control agenda called “Reducing Space Threats
Through Norms, Rules and Principles of Responsible Behaviors”, towards which the
United States assumed a positive stance by trying to steer it towards an international
agreement on the self-commitment to prohibiting earth-based kinetic anti-satellite
testing, thus marking a significant shift in its arms control position. It is evident that
the United States intends to exploit the agenda to achieve its own goals, namely
interfering with its adversaries’ development of their asymmetric anti-satellite
weapons, forging its space alliances, drawing “red lines” for space deterrence, and
enhancing its argument about space debris. Now, the new agenda has produced
significant influence on space security regimes in that it has not only given rise to
political confrontations among major countries but also reflected the new trends in the
development of international space regimes. In the new space security environment,
international regimes for military and civilian security in space are witnessing an
integrated development, and the regimes will have more open agenda models, more
participants and more mainstream paths for controlling behaviors.
[Keywords] responsible behaviors in outer space, international regimes, arms control,
earth-based kinetic anti-satellite, space debris
[Authors] YU Runze, Ph.D. Student, School of International Relations & Public
Affairs, Fudan University; JIANG Tianjiao, Associate Professor, Development
Institute, Fudan University (Shanghai, 200433).
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