Page 161 - 《国际安全研究》2020年第1期

Vo1. 38, No. 1, January/February 2020

replenish their member losses in COIN. While winning the local hearts and minds
doesn’t necessarily lead to the demise of insurgent groups, the counter-insurgency
operations are doomed to fail without the support from the locals. This paper
identifies four COIN strategies based on whether the local moderates have a
leadership position in COIN operations and whether they can take full advantage of
their position of strength vis-à-vis insurgent groups, and thus establishes a
framework to explore and evaluate their effectiveness in using co-ethnicity
advantages. With a case study on the Sikh insurgency movement around the 1980s,
the paper intends to demonstrate how the Indian government, moderate factions and
insurgent groups adjusted their strategies at different stages and the impacts and
outcomes of these adjustments.
[Keywords] ethnic conflicts, co-ethnicity advantages, moderates, Sikh insurgency
[Author] XIE Chao, Assistant Research Fellow, Institute for International and
Area Studies, Tsinghua University (Beijing, 100084).

98 The Logic in Choice of Means in Maintaining Energy Security:
From the Perspective of Property Rights System
SONG Yiming
[Abstract] In tackling the same or a similar energy crisis, countries with similar
economic size, energy endowment and external energy dependency often adopt
diametrically different measures. Countries represented by the United States mainly
rely on administrative or diplomatic means while other countries represented by
China are more inclined to apply a combined approach based on both administrative
and commercial means. In order to explain such differences, this article intends to go
beyond the traditional geopolitical and supply-demand perspectives in energy
security researches and take advantage of the property rights system to examine the
boundary of rights and responsibilities between the government and enterprises as
well as the possibility and cost of the government’s leveraging of corporate
capacities to maintain energy security. Based on empirical studies of the US
response to the 1973 oil crisis and China’s response to the 2017 natural gas shortage,
along with the complementary analyses about Britain and France’s responses to the
1973 oil crisis, this article finds out that the property rights system determines
enterprises’ autonomy and the government’s disposal costs. Findings also
demonstrate that under the system of private property rights, both the autonomy of
energy companies and the disposal costs of the government stay on a high level, as a
result of which the government can hardly turn to energy companies for help to cope
with the energy crisis and have no other alternatives but to adopt administrative or
diplomatic means to safeguard its energy security. However, under the system of

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