Page 161 - 《国际安全研究》2023年第1期

Vo1. 41, No. 1, January/February 2023
limited sharing may be formed in the field of science and technology. The
underlying reason is that the specific characteristics of the field and the comparison
of scientific and technological strength lead to the formation of securitization of the
field and scientific and technological interactions between actors. Two case studies
are well chosen to better illustrate competition-oriented and cooperation-oriented
sci-tech interactions, namely the chip war between the United States and Japan in
the 1980s and the Sino-French turboshaft-16 aeroengine R&D cooperation. The
development and updating of science and technology will change the types of
interactions between actors with a trend from “securitization” to “desecuritization”.
The trend can be verified by the long-term cooperation between the United States
and Russia in the field of space exploration represented by the International Space
Station and its civil transformation.
[Keywords] sci-tech security, securitization, desecuritization, lens of security,
sci-tech interactions
[Authors] YANG Na, Professor, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai
University; CHENG Hongyi, Ph.D. Student, Zhou Enlai School of Government,
Nankai University (Tianjin, 300350).

99 UN Peacekeeping Operations and Post-Colonial State Building
(1980-2015)
LU Lingyu and WANG Xiaoru

[Abstract] UN peacekeeping operations (UNPKOs) aim to help conflict-stricken
countries create conditions for lasting peace. Among other actors, the United Nations
has been playing a principal role in organizing and implementing UNPKOs. Since the
end of the Cold War, the goals of UN peacekeeping have gradually shifted from
maintaining peace to post-war reconstruction. Accordingly, UNPKOs began to engage
in, under certain conditions, complex state-building tasks in those war-torn countries. On
the one hand, UNPKOs have brought peace and security to target countries, and their
daily expenditure has made certain contributions to local economic recovery and
development. However, the economic development of target countries may get hurt by
negative factors like the short-term nature of UNPKOs and the polarization of income
caused by the peacekeeping economy. On the other hand, target countries’ abilities to
infiltrate into and exercise control over society have been severely impaired by the tax
exemption to peacekeepers, the widening income gap between peacekeepers and other
social groups and the ensuing brain-drain and corruption in governmental agencies, as
well as the emergence of parallel administrative authorities. Tax exemptions and income
polarization have significantly reduced the willingness of citizens to pay taxes, thus
making tax evasion and tax resistance prevalent, and tax collection more difficult. What
is worse, the anti-taxation attitude has been intensified by the non-interference policy
adopted by UN peacekeepers toward the use of violence against civilians by the
government forces of target countries. Therefore, UNPKOs have not only decreased the
tax base and reduced the efficiency of bureaucracies in target countries, but also
dampened the willingness of their people to pay taxes, which collectively undermine

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