Page 114 - 《国际安全研究》2023年第3期
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ྟљၰีνಆ߄࣮
㿶䀂ǃᙗ࡛䇞仈㔃ਸ䎧ᶕˈ䘋㹼ᴤᴹᢩࡔᙗ઼䶙ભᙗⲴ࠶᷀DŽ
ྣᙗѫѹ⹄ウሩҾᆹޘॆ/৫ᆹޘॆ䰞仈Ⲵ䘋а↕ӻޕˈᔪ・൘ሩକᵜṩᆖ
⍮ᆹޘॆ⨶䇪ᢩࡔⲴสкDŽljᯠᆹޘ㿲NJ㤡᮷㪇ѝਚᴹ 5 ༴ᨀ৺ᙗ࡛ˈަѝ䘈
वᤜ 1 ༴൘⌘䟺ǃ1 ༴൘৲㘳᮷⥞ѝDŽ ൘䈕Җࠪ⡸ᰦˈਾ㔃ᶴѫѹǃᢩࡔᆹޘ⹄
ķ
ウ䜭ᐢሶᙗ࡛Ѫᆹޘ࠶᷀нਟᡆ㕪Ⲵа䜘࠶ˈ㘼କᵜṩᆖ⍮তᵚሶĀᙗ࡛ᆹ
ޘā㓣ޕ⹄ウ䇞仈ˈҏ⋑ᴹĀสҾᙗ࡛Ⲵнᆹޘā˄gender-based insecurity˅ᾲᘥDŽ
ྣᙗѫѹᆖ㘵ሩ䘉а㕪ཡ䘋㹼ᢩ䇴ˈ䇔Ѫକᵜṩᆖ⍮ᆹޘॆ⨶䇪ާᴹ؍ᆸᙗ䍘ˈ
ᒦᕪ䈳ᙗ࡛࠶᷀ሩᔪᶴᆹޘॆ⨶䇪Ⲵ䟽㾱ᙗDŽ
俆ݸˈ൘⭼ᇊĀᆹޘāᰦˈକᵜṩᆖ⍮ޣ⌘Ⲵнӵᱟ⭏ᆈ˄survival˅ˈ㘼
фᱟ䳶փ⭏ᆈ˄collective survival˅ˈ䇔Ѫਚᴹᖃањ䰞仈ေ㛱ࡠањ㗔փⲴ⭏ᆈ
ᰦˈ䈕䰞仈㜭㻛ᆹޘॆˈ䘋㘼৲оࡠ᭯⋫䘋〻ѝDŽ൘ሶᆹޘⲴᤷ⎹ሩ䊑ᢙኅࡠഭ
ᇦѻཆ㹼ѪփⲴ਼ᰦˈ䈕ᆖ⍮४࠶ҶĀഭ䱵ᆹޘā઼Ā⽮Պᆹޘāˈ䇔Ѫഭ䱵ᆹޘ
ޣѾ⭏ᆈˈ㘼⽮Պᆹޘ⎹৺Āᵳ઼࡙⽮Պޜ↓āˈҾ⽮Պᆹޘ㤳⮤Ⲵ䰞仈ਟ㜭٬
ᗇ᭯⋫㘳㲁ˈնᱟнᓄሶަоഭ䱵ᆹޘ⏶DŽ↔⿽ᆹޘᇊѹ㜭ཏᖸ㠚❦ൠሶᙗ࡛䇞
仈䗷└ᦹDŽ
ĸ
ަ⅑ˈକᵜṩᆖ⍮ⲴĀ䀰䈝㹼ѪāṶᷦᆈ൘єњオⲭ⛩ˈণĀ⊹唈ᆹޘā
˄security as silence˅઼ĀᖂҾᆹޘā˄subsuming security˅DŽаᯩ䶒ˈᖃᆹޘⲴᤷ
⎹ሩ䊑ᰐ⌅㺘䗮ަнᆹޘᝏˈᰐ⌅ሶ↓൘䶒ѤⲴ⭊㠣ᱟ࣐Ⲵေ㛱⺞ᇊѪᆹޘ䰞仈
ᰦˈĀ⊹唈ᆹޘā䰞仈⭡↔ӗ⭏˗ਖаᯩ䶒ˈᙗ࡛䓛ԭ䙊ᑨо≁᯿ǃᇇᮉㅹަԆ䓛
ԭ㍗ᇶ㚄㌫ˈĀᙗ࡛āഐ㍐ᵜ䓛ᖸቁ㜭⭏ᡀକᵜṩᆖ⍮ᡰ㾱≲Ⲵ䳶փⲴǃ㠚ᡀа
փⲴᤷ⎹ሩ䊑ˈ㘼ѫ㾱ᱟѪњփⲴǃнཚ䟽㾱Ⲵᆹޘ䰞仈DŽᖃഐᙗ࡛䓛ԭ䶒ѤⲴ
ᆹޘ䰞仈㻛ᤷ⎹ሩ䊑ⲴަԆ䓛ԭᡰ䚞㭭ᰦˈቡՊࠪ⧠ĀᖂҾᆹޘā䰞仈DŽ
Ĺ
⅑ˈ൘ᢩࡔକᵜṩᆖ⍮ᆹޘॆ⨶䇪㕪ѿᙗ࡛㿶䀂Ⲵ਼ᰦˈྣᙗѫѹᆖ㘵ࣚ
࣋ᔪᶴањ㜭ཏवᇩᙗ࡛䇞仈Ⲵᆹޘॆ⨶䇪ˈ䙊䗷ਁኅа⿽Ā䶎ഭᇦѝᗳⲴā
˄non-state-centric˅⹄ウᯩ⌅ᶕ᩶㝡ᆹޘ⹄ウ亶ฏᰒᴹⲴ⤝䳈ᙗˈ䟷ਆཊ⿽ᯩ⌅ᶕ
⨶䀓઼䍘⯁ᙗ઼࡛⿽᯿൘ޘ⨳᭯⋫ǃഭ䱵ޣ㌫亶ฏԕ৺ྲᆹޘ⹄ウ䘉ṧⲴᆀ亶ฏѝ
ķ Barry Buzan, Ole Wæver and Jaap de Wilde, Security: A New Framework for Analysis,
Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1998, pp. 54, 130, 183, 140, 228.
ĸMegan MacKenzie, “Securitization and Desecuritization: Female Soldiers and the Reconstruction of
Women in Post-Conflict Sierra Leone,” Security Studies, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2009, pp. 241-261.
Ĺ Lene Hansen, “The Little Mermaid’s Silent Security Dilemma: The Absence of Gender in the
Copenhagen School,” Millennium, Vol. 29, No. 2, 2000, pp. 285-306.
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