Page 19 - 《国际安全研究》2023年第3期
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2023 ഐݾ 3
Ც࣋≤ᒣᡆ䇨൘ሶᶕⲴḀаᰕ䎦䎵Ӫ㊫ˈᡀѪቬݻg⌒ᯟ⢩⍋˄Nick Bostrom˅
ᡰ䈤Ⲵ䎵㓗Ც㜭փDŽ նᱟˈ⭡ҾᰦлӪᐕᲪ㜭Ⲵᢰᵟ⧠⣦о⹄ਁ䘋ᓖˈ䎵㓗Ც㜭
ķ
փ❦ӵᆈҾӪ㊫Ⲵᜣ䊑ѻѝˈަᙗ䍘о⢩ᖱ䖳Ѫ⁑㋺DŽഐ↔ˈᵜ᮷Ⲵ⹄ウ㿶ฏ㚊
❖Ҿᇎ⧠亴ᵏ䖳儈ⲴĀ㊫ӪāᲪ㜭փоĀᕪӪᐕᲪ㜭ᰦԓāˈሩĀ䎵㓗ӪᐕᲪ㜭ᰦ
ԓāሶᲲнҸ⹄ウDŽ
Ӿѫփᙗ㿶䀂ࠪਁˈ൘ᕪӪᐕᲪ㜭ᰦԓˈާ༷儈ᓖĀ㊫Ӫā䇔⸕оߣㆆ㜭࣋
ⲴӪᐕᲪ㜭փਟ㜭㧧ᗇ਼ᔰਁ㘵㊫լⲴĀᵜᡁā䓛ԭˈާ༷аᇊ〻ᓖⲴѫփᙗ
ѹDŽᖃާ༷儈ᓖ䇔⸕઼ᝏ⸕㜭࣋Ⲵ䙊⭘བྷ⁑ර䘋ޕޘ⨳ᆹޘᇎ䐥亶ฏਾˈаᯩ䶒ˈ
Ӫ㊫ᆹޘѫփࠪҾ⭏⨶ᜠᙗˈਟ㜭ሩާ༷ĀᑞࣙӪā઼ĀᴯԓӪā㜭࣋Ⲵ䙊⭘བྷ
⁑රᖒᡀ䗷ᓖ䎆˗ਖаᯩ䶒ˈ⭡ҾĀӪāާᴹ䎻࡙䚯ᇣᗳᘱˈՐ㔏ᆹޘᇒփՊ
ሶ䍓ԫ᧘নࡠĀ㊫ӪāⲴབྷ⁑රѻкDŽк䘠ন䍓㹼Ѫˈ࣯ᗵՊԔ䘭䍓ᯩਈᗇᰐᡰ
䘲ӾDŽ
δжεᕰӰᐛᲰ㜳ᰬԙφć㊱ӰĈѱ։Ⲻᤕ䙖фᆿޞᎂޛ
ྲ᷌䈤൘ᕡӪᐕᲪ㜭ᰦԓˈӪᐕᲪ㜭䙊⭘བྷ⁑රѫփᕕᮓॆᤷⲴᱟн਼Ӫ㊫ѫ
փ䰤Ⲵᡱᒣॆᢙᮓ䗷〻ˈ䛓Ѹ൘ᕪӪᐕᲪ㜭ᰦԓˈѫփᕕᮓⲴ㤳തᢙབྷࡠҶĀ㊫Ӫā
ѫփDŽᯟമቄ⢩gຎቄ˄Stuart Russell˅ㅹᆖ㘵൘䇪䘠ᕪӪᐕᲪ㜭ⲴṨᰦ᰾䀰ˈ
ӪᐕᲪ㜭нӵ㾱ĀۿӪаṧᙍ㘳о㹼ࣘāˈᴤ䟽㾱Ⲵᱟ൘ᙍ㘳о㹼ࣘᰦާ༷Ā㊫Ӫā
⨶ᙗDŽӪᐕᲪ㜭䙊⭘བྷ⁑රⲴ⨶ᙗ亶ᛏ㜭࣋ᒦ䶎о⭏ءᶕˈ㘼ᱟᢈ㇇⌅ᝏ⸕Ⲵᆖ
Ґᵪࡦᇎ⧠ⲴDŽ⁑රُࠝส߶㇇⌅ˈᇎ⧠о⽮Պ⧟ຳѝ⭏ભփⲴ儈仁⅑ؑӔᦒDŽ
⁑ර䘈ਟ࡙⭘⾎㓿㖁㔌㇇⌅઼␡ᓖᆖҐᐕާㅹᢰᵟˈ⁑ԯǃᖂ㓣ǃᙫ㔃Ӫ㊫㹼Ѫ⁑
ᔿˈ䙊䗷нᯝᴤᯠ䘝ԓⲴᆖҐ䗷〻ˈᴰབྷ䲀ᓖൠ਼Ӫ㊫Ⲵ䈝ຳǃ㿲ᘥ਼仁DŽ 䖳
ĸ
Ҿ䟿ᆀ䙊ؑǃ४ඇ䬮ㅹᢰᵟˈӪᐕᲪ㜭䙊⭘བྷ⁑රᡰ⤜ᴹⲴ㠚ѫᆖҐ˄autonomous
learning˅㜭࣋ˈ⭡Ā䈅䭉ā˄trial and error˅оĀа㡜ॆā˄generalization˅є⿽ᵪ
ࡦᶴᡀDŽ ࡽ㘵㾱≲ӪᐕᲪ㜭䙊⭘བྷ⁑රሩਟ㜭ሬ㠤㖾ྭ㔃᷌Ⲵᴹ᭸䐟ᖴޘ䜘䜭䘋
Ĺ
㹼ቍ䈅ˈᖃᰕਾլᙗһᘱਁ⭏ᰦˈӪᐕᲪ㜭䙊⭘བྷ⁑රਟᦞࡽᵏ䈅䭉㔃᷌ˈ⬴
ķ ቬݻg⌒ᯟ⢩⍋ᤷࠪˈᖃӪᐕᲪ㜭Ⲵ䇔⸕㜭࣋䘌䘌䎵䗷Ӫ㊫䇔⸕ⲴᰦىˈӪᐕᲪ㜭ቡ
ᐢ╄ॆѪĀ䎵㓗Ც㜭āˈ䈖ᛵ৲㿱ቬݻg⌒ᯟ⢩⍋˖lj䎵㓗Ც㜭˖䐟㓯മǃড䲙ᙗоᓄሩㆆ⮕NJˈ
ᕐփՏǃᕐ⦹䶂䈁ˈѝؑࠪ⡸⽮ 2015 ᒤ⡸ˈㅜ 29 亥DŽ
ĸ Michal Czubenko, Zdzislaw Kowalczuk and Andrew Ordys, “Autonomous Driver Based on an
Intelligent System of Decision-Making,” Cognitive Computation, Vol. 7, No. 5, 2015, pp. 569-581.
Ĺ Tim Miller, “Explanation in Artificial Intelligence: Insights from the Social Sciences,” Artificial
Intelligence, Vol. 267, 2019, pp. 1-38.
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