Page 76 - 《国际安全研究》2023年第3期

ᅞϧᆭުğ൞گԕؓॆߎ൞ሔෛࢲૐĤ

ൠ४ੁьই⅗ൠ४䖜〫ˈަ൘ᐤቄᒢൠ४䶒ѤⲴ״ഭေ㛱ᰕ⳺࣐བྷüüԕ㠣Ҿ㔤ҏ
㓣ᯩ䶒ᙫᱟᣵᗳᗧ״єഭՊۿᖃࡍᆳԜ⬌࠶⌒ޠаṧˈᢺ૸ᐳᯟ๑ੋѫഭਈѪ䖳ሿ

ഭᇦ㗔փѝⲴ䖳བྷഭᇦ ķ üüᯠⲴ⸋⴮઼঻࣋֯ᗇྕसᑍഭнᗇн䈳ᮤަᡈ⮕ᯩ
䪸ˈᒦ䙊䗷ُ䟽о䘭䲿ᗧ᜿ᘇㅜҼᑍഭⲴᯩᔿᶕ㧧ᗇਾ㘵ⲴᒷᣔDŽ
ަѝˈᴰ㜭փ⧠ྕसᑍഭሩᗧഭᡈ⮕ᯩ䪸᭩ᕖ᱃䗉Ⲵˈᖃ኎Პྕᡈҹਾаⴤ᧘

ࣘሩᲞ励༛༽ӷⲴྕसᑍഭ俆⴨֋䴧ᗧ䟼ᐼgߟgঊԺᯟ⢩˄Friedrich von Beust˅
Ҿ 1871 ᒤ 10 ᴸ㻛䀓㙼DŽ↔ਾˈྕसᑍഭⲴሩཆ᭯ㆆ䮯ᵏ⭡࣋ѫ᧘ࣘሩᗧ৻ྭཆӔ
᭯ㆆⲴṬ᣹ཛgᆹᗧ᣹ᐼ˄Graf Andrassy˅՟⡥ᦼ᧗DŽаᯩ䶒ᱟᲞྕᡈҹਾ⸋⴮ᐢ
㓿ᗇࡠ㕃䀓Ⲵᗧྕޣ㌫ˈਖаᯩ䶒ᱟ⸋⴮ቊᵚᗇࡠ㕃䀓ф᜸࣐◰⛸Ⲵ״ྕޣ㌫ˈྕ

सᑍഭᴰਟ㜭Ⲵቡᱟ൘Āєᇣ⴨ᵳਆަ䖫āⲴ䙫䗁л〟ᶱ㕃઼਼ᗧഭѻ䰤Ⲵޣ㌫ˈ
ُԕ㕃䀓ഐĀєњᤣཤᢃӪāᡰ䶒ѤⲴє㓯ᡈ⮕঻࣋DŽ

㺞 Ფྛᡎҿ੄ྛᗭњള⴮ሯ㔲ਾ࣑䠅δ ᒪε
ഭ࡛ 㓿⍾࣋䟿˄ӯ㖾ݳ˅ ߋ䱏㿴⁑˄зӪ˅ Ӫਓᙫ䟿˄Ⲯз˅ ߋ䍩ᔰ᭟˄Ⲯз㤡䮁˅
ྕसᑍഭ 122 27.3 38 13.2
ᗧഭ 199 43.0 45 20.4
∄䟽 0.61 0.63 0.84 0.64

䍴ᯉᶕⓀ˖ྕᗧєഭഭ≁⭏ӗᙫ٬˄GNP˅ᮠᦞᶕⓀ˖Paul Bairoch, “Europe’s Gross National
Product: 1800-1975,” Journal of European Economic History, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1976, p. 281˗ߋ䱏㿴⁑ᮠ
ᦞᶕⓀ˖Paul Kennedy, The Rise and Fall of the Great Power, London: Unwin Hyman, 1988, p. 154˗
Ӫਓᙫ䟿ᮠᦞᶕⓀ˖A. J. P. Taylor, The First World War: An Illustrated History, New York: Perigee
Books, 1980, p. xxv˗ߋ䍩ᔰ᭟ᮠᦞᶕⓀ˖A. J. P. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery in Europe,
1848-1918, London: Oxford University Press, 1954, p. xxviiiDŽ

᧘ࣘᆹᗧ᣹ᐼሩᗧ৻ྭⲴṩᵜࣘ࣋ᶕ㠚ሩㅜйᯩ⢥ࡦᙗᡈ⮕᭼᡻״ഭေ㛱㍗
䘛ᙗⲴ⭿᜗ቔަᱟሩᗧ״єഭ᧕䘁Ⲵ⭿᜗DŽԆሩྕसᑍഭᇎ࣋оေᵋㅹ㓗л䱽Ⲵ⧠
ᇎ␡ѪҶ䀓ˈᒦ᜿䇶ࡠ䘉њ䓛༴ഋᡈѻൠⲴѝ⅗ഭᇦᐢ㓿Ӿᡈ⮕ᢙᕐරབྷഭ䖜ਈѪ

ᡈ⮕䱢ᗑරഭᇦDŽഐ↔ˈ䶒ሩᲞ⌅ᡈҹѝᗧഭⲴ㜌࡙ǃᗧ᜿ᘇㅜҼᑍഭⲴᔪ・ԕ৺
1871 ᒤ 7 ᴸ⋉ⲷӊশኡབྷҼцሩ᷿᷇Ⲵ䇯䰞ˈྕसᑍഭ޽ҏᰐ⌅㔗㔝᢯ਇ䘉⿽㔃
ᶴᙗഐ㍐˄ᵳ࣋㔤ᓖ䱽վ˅઼ᛵ࣯ᙗഐ㍐˄״ഭ঻࣋໎࣐˅ᡰӗ⭏Ⲵৼ䟽঻࣋ˈԕ
㠣ⲷᑍᕇᵇ㥘g㓖⪏ཛац˄Franz Joseph I˅Ҿ 1871 ᒤ 9 ᴸᣥ䗮ྕഭ䗩ຳ㩘ྕᯟ

ķ A. J. P. Taylor, The Struggle for Mastery in Europe, 1848-1918, London: Oxford University
Press, 1954, p. 502.
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