Page 127 - 《国际安全研究》2020年第4期

2020 年第 4 期

模式，明确鼓励、疏导新兴生物技术发展。美国自 2011 年起发布一系列关于生物科
技与生物安全的战略报告，如《国家生物经济蓝图》（2012 年）、《新方向——合成生
①
物学和新兴技术的伦理问题》（2011 年）、 《迫切需要制定新的举措防御生物袭击》
③
②
（2016 年）、 《国土生物防御领域科技能力评估》（2016 年）、 《快速通道行动委
④
员会：生物安全与生物安保》（2017 年） 等战略报告，在强调风险管控的同时，对
新兴的合成生物学、基因编辑技术及其他新兴生物科技领域的研发大开绿灯。美国
还加强国内生物安全源头监管，2010 年以来先后发布《加强生物安全和生物安保下
一步举措》 《实现生物技术产品监管体系现代化》 《美国政府生命科学需关注
⑤
⑥
⑧
⑦
两用研究监管政策》 《美国政府对生命科学需关注两用研究的机构监管政策》 《关
⑨
于潜在大流行病原体管理和监督审查机制的发展政策指南建议》， 全面梳理和加强

① Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues, “New Directions: The Ethics of
Synthetic Biology and Emerging Technologies,” December 2010, https://bioethicsarchive.georgetown.
edu/pcsbi/sites/default/files/PCSBI-Synthetic-Biology-Report-12.16.10_0.pdf.
② PCAST, “PCAST Letter to the President on Action Needed to Protect against Biological
Attack,” November 15, 2016, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/blog/2016/11/15/pcast-letter-
president-action-needed-protect-against-biological-attack.
③ Biological Defense Research and Development Subcommittee (BDRD) of the Committee on
Homeland and National Security of the National Science and Technology Council, Homeland
Biodefense Science and Technology Capability Review, December 2016, https://obamawhitehouse.
archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/NSTC/biodefense_st_report_final.pdf.
④ Biological Defense Research and Development Subcommittee (BDRD) of the Committee on
Homeland and National Security of the National Science and Technology Council, Fast Track Action
Committee Report: Biosafety and Biosecurity, January 2017, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/
sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/NSTC/ftac-bio-report.pdf.
⑤ The White House, Enhancing Biosafety and Biosecurity in the United States, August 18, 2014,
https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/enhancing_biosafety_and_bios
ecurity_19aug2014_final.pdf.
⑥ The White House, Modernizing the Regulatory System for Biotechnology Products: An Update
to the Coordinated Framework for the Regulation of Biotechnology, January 4, 2017, https://
obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/2017_coordinated_framework_update.pdf.
⑦ Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, United States Government Policy for
Oversight of Life Sciences Dual Use Research of Concern, March 29, 2012, https://www.phe.gov/s3/
dualuse/documents/us-policy-durc-032812.pdf.
⑧ Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, United States Government Policy for
Institutional Oversight of Life Sciences Dual Use Research of Concern, September 24, 2014,
https://www.phe.gov/s3/dualuse/Documents/durc-policy.pdf.
⑨ Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, Recommended Policy Guidance for
Departmental Development of Review Mechanisms for Potential Pandemic Pathogen Care and
Oversight, January 9, 2017, https://www.phe.gov/s3/dualuse/Documents/P3CO-FinalGuidanceStatement.pdf.
· 125 ·