Page 37 - 《国际安全研究》2020年第4期
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2020 年第 4 期






























                                  图 1  援助工作人员受攻击情况，1997~2016 年
                   资料来源：Humanitarian Outcomes, “The Aid Worker Security Database (AWSD),” 2017,
               https://aidworkersecurity.org/incidents/report/summary。

                   2017 年，联合国负责人道事务的副秘书长兼紧急救济协调员斯蒂芬·奥布莱

                                                                             ①
               恩（Stephen O’Brien）更是强调，保护援助工作人员“至关重要”。   联合国人道
               主义事务协调办公室（OCHA）呼吁“必须解决”援助人员被拒绝进入和被攻击的
                    ②
               问题。   特别是，一国人员受到攻击而发生伤亡，其整个援助团队都可能面临撤退，
                                          ③
               并危及具体援助项目的开展。  2016~2017 年，在全球获得官方发展援助最多的十
               个国家中，其中有五个（阿富汗、埃塞俄比亚、叙利亚、巴基斯坦和伊拉克）被认

                  ①   UN, “Increased Attacks on  Aid Workers Due to  Lack  of Respect for International
               Humanitarian Law, Deputy Secretary-General Tells Security Council (SC/11524),” August 19, 2014,
               https://www.un.org/press/en/2014/sc11524.doc.htm; UN, “Protecting Aid  Workers ‘Paramount,’ UN
               Relief Chief  Says  Ahead  of World Humanitarian Day,”  UN News,  August 17, 2017,
               https://news.un.org/en/story/2017/08/563512-protecting-aid-workers-paramount-un-relief-chief-says-ah
               ead-world-humanitarian.
                  ②  Jan Egeland,  Adele Harmer  and Abby Soddard, “To Stay  and Deliver: Good Practice for
               Humanitarians in Complex Security  Environments,” Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian
               Affairs, 2011, p. ix.
                  ③  Jun Hongo, “Japanese Aid Agency May Withdraw from Bangladesh,” The Wall Street Journal,
               July 4, 2016, https://www.wsj.com/articles/japanese-aid-agency-may-withdraw-from-bangladesh-
               1467614752.
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