Page 134 - 《国际安全研究》2021年第5期

发展—安全互动演进的区域逻辑：以湄公河下游区域为例

发展区域主义即发展导向（development-led regionalism）的区域主义，其目
标是最大限度地发挥区域合作的效益，推动成员国经济更有优势地融入世界市
场，进而实现经济、社会和人的可持续发展。 因而，发展区域主义可以是一个
①
很大的范畴，它可以包含广泛的合作领域，既包括经济一体化，也包括各种形式
②
的多边发展合作。 为了同传统的经济区域主义相区别，发展区域主义也会被用
来专指以区域发展为目标的多边经济发展合作，这些发展合作主要针对发展中国

家或区域，或以特定的经济社会发展（而非政治—安全）为目标。前者可以被视为
广义的发展区域主义，后者则是狭义的发展区域主义。 经济一体化的强劲力量在
③

① UNCTAD, The Least Developed Countries Report 2011: The Potential Role of South-South
Cooperation for Inclusive and Sustainable Development, New York and Geneva: Union Nations
Publication, 2011, p. 100.
② “Shift from Traditional Approach to Integration to ‘Developmental Regionalism’,” report
urges, UNCTAD Press Release, 2013, https://unctad.org/press-material/shift-traditional-approach-
integration-developmental-regionalism-report-urges.
③ 广义的发展区域主义概念应用在宏观理论和政策层面，强调发展区域主义议程的包容性。
包括赫特纳等人和联合国贸易和发展会议（United Nations Conference on Trade and Development，
UNCTAD）出版的报告，都将发展区域主义定义为一种包含经济、社会、环境等部门要素的宽
泛领域，而在具体的发展区域主义案例研究中，发展区域主义更多专指在特定领域展开的发展合
作和交通、环境、水等区域公共产品的联合管理方面的合作实践。为了避免研究的泛化，我们使
用狭义的发展区域主义概念，即将发展区域主义理解为以经济为导向的各种发展合作活动。前者
参考 Björn Hettne and Frederik Söderbaum. “The New Regionalism Approach,” Politeia, Vol. 17, No 3,
1998, pp. 6-21; Björn Hettne, András Inotai and Osvaldo Sunkel, Globalism and the New Regionalism,
London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1999; Frederik Söderbaum and Timothy M. Shaw, Theories of New
Regionalism, London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003; Björn Hettne, “Beyond the ‘New’ Regionalism,”
New Political Economy, Vol. 10, No. 4, 2005, pp. 543-571; UNCTAD, The Least Developed Countries
Report 2011: The Potential Role of South–South Cooperation for Inclusive and Sustainable
Development, pp. 100-102。后者相关概念的文献包括：S. K. B. Asante, Regionalism and Africa’s
Development: Expectations, Reality and Challenges, New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1999; Helen E. S.
Nesadurai, “Attempting Developmental Regionalism through AFTA: The Domestic Sources of
Regional Governance,” Third World Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 2, 2003, pp. 235-253; David J. Francis,
“Linking Peace, Security and Developmental Regionalism: Regional Economic and Security
Integration in Africa,” Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, Vol. 2, No. 3, 2006, pp. 7-20;
Christopher M. Dent, “The Asian Development Bank and Developmental Regionalism in East Asia,”
Third World Quarterly, Vol. 29, No. 4, 2008, pp. 767-786; Christopher M. Dent and Peter Richter,
“Sub-Regional Cooperation and Developmental Regionalism: The Case of BIMP-EAGA,”
Contemporary Southeast Asia, Vol. 33, No. 1, 2011, pp. 29-55; Adonis L. Elumbre, “Interpreting
ASEAN Developmental Regionalism through Discursive Institutionalism,” Journal of Third World
Studies, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2014, pp. 75-108; Said Adejumobi and Cyril Obi, Developmental Regionalism
and Economic Transformation in Southern Africa, London: Routledge, 2020。

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